如何刺激婴儿的内在学习能力
日期:2017-09-19 16:23

(单词翻译:单击)

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When we’re considering offering young children technology and mobile devices or other kinds of screens when they’re very,
当我们考虑在孩子很小很小的时候就让他们接触技术、手机或其他设备的屏幕时
very young we have to consider, first of all, the stimulation factor.
我们首先需要考虑的就是刺激因素
These are brand-new people to the world that are very, very sensitive and highly aware,
他们是刚来到这世界的新人,非常敏感,意识很强
and all of this works to their great advantage as learners and absorbers of their environment and life.
这些都让他们更擅长学习和适应他们周围的环境和生活
We develop more in the first three years than the whole rest of our life put together, so they’re able to learn from an empty room,
我们在生命前三年的发育比余生加起来都要多,所以他们能在一个空荡荡的屋子里学习
being at a position where they’re ideally free to move their bodies, so they’re able to turn their heads—
在那样的环境里他们可以自由活动身体,自由转动脑袋——

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we say start infants on their backs for that reason—and they could be fascinated by dust particles or the corner of the room or natural light coming in,
这在他们婴儿阶段就出现了——他们可能会为一粒尘埃、房间的一个角落或者是自然界的一束光线而着迷
a number of things, and they are learning something from that, they’re figuring something out.
很多东西,他们可以从那些东西身上学到知识,能领悟到一些道理
So when we offer technology it’s an onslaught on their senses basically.
所以我们让他们接触科技是对他们感知力的一种暴击
Not so much a phone but a larger screen.
不单单是一部手机,而是更大的层面
But even a mobile device or a small screen, it’s not something they’re going to be able to master,
但即便是一部手机或者一个小小的屏幕,也不是他们能掌握的东西
it’s not something they’re going to be able to understand how it all works.
他们无法理解这是如何工作的
Imagine an infant who, from the RIE approach, we believe wants to be capable,
想象有一个婴儿,来自婴儿教育护理资源,他想变得有能力
wants to be competent, wants to be able to do things and feel a sense of agency in the world right away
想变得很能干,想立马在这世上拥有话语权
rather than being passive to something that sort of takes over and you’re drawn into it because there’s so much going on there.
而不是如此被动,受制于其他事物,被其他东西淹没,因为它们太复杂,让人难以理解
For young children it can be very over-stimulating and it can discourage them from being the active learners that we want them to be,
对于小孩来说,这太刺激了,会妨碍他们成为我们所期望的积极的学习者
that will help them throughout life and help them prosper and help them reach their full potential, make school easier,
如果他们能成为积极的学习者,这将让他们受益终生,能帮助其成长并发挥出最大潜能,学业也会变简单
a lot of practical things like that, and make them be able to retain what they learn and be interested in knowing more.
还有很多其他实际的事情,并且能让他们记住所学到的知识,也有兴趣进一步探索
So it’s interesting—screens are kind of the extreme on one end of things babies can’t understand.
所以这很有趣——屏幕就像是婴儿不能理解的一种极端事物
Just to give you an example, there are screens where babies are totally passive and it’s just coming at them and they can’t really get it,
举个例子,有很多种屏幕让婴儿感觉很无力,他们无法理解那是什么东西
then there’s something like a toy where you push a button and it makes a sound.
再比如说有一个玩具,你一按按钮它就会发出声音
So that’s pretty hard for them to understand too, I mean, they have a little bit of agency there: they can figure out,
这对他们来说也很难理解,他们能弄明白一点:他们知道
“Well if I do this it makes a sound,” but they’re never going to really understand where the sound comes from in those early years, in the first year or two.
“如果我这么做它就会发出声音”,但是在他们一两岁的时候,永远都搞不清楚这声音是从哪儿来的
And then there’s a rattle. I mean, is a rattle a terrible thing? No.
然后就是拨浪鼓了,拨浪鼓很吓人吗?并不是
But with this approach we just try to be aware that a rattle is a mystery, there’s a mysterious element.
但通过这种方法,我们会意识到拨浪鼓是个谜,它有一种很神秘的原理
Then there’s those rattles where you can see through them to the little thing that’s making the sound, the little bell or whatever,
然后你就能透过拨浪鼓看到里面的小东西,声音就是从那里发出来的,一个小铃铛之类的
and so the child can feel a little more capable of mastering that and understanding that, so that’s a little more encouraging.
这样孩子就会感到他能掌控和理解这种东西,从而激励他们
But then what about taking—one of the things we use as play objects in our classrooms where we teach parents,
但如果你拿一个——我们在课堂上教给父母使用的玩具
and we recommend this at home too, is little stainless steel cups or bowls.
我们建议也在家里使用,一种小型的不锈钢杯子或碗
So let’s just say a child has a block and a little stainless steel cup and decides to take the block over here and make these sounds,
假如说一个小孩有一个空心块和一个小小的不锈钢杯子,他会拿着空心块在这儿制造点声音
now take it over here and make this sound.
在那儿弄出点声音
So now they’re making the sound, they’re deciding to make the sound, they’re creating the sound in a sense.
现在就成了他们制造声音,他们来决定发出声音,一定程度上来说,是他们创造了声音
So which do you think would be the most fulfilling for a child?
所以你觉得哪种对孩子来说是最有意义的呢?
Which do you think would really encourage them to be creative, to be learners, to analyze, to use these higher order learning skills?
哪种才能真正鼓励他们去创新、去学习、去分析、去使用这种更高级的学习技能呢?

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