In India, we have these huge families. I bet a lot of you all must have heard about it.
印度有很多大家族，相信大家有所耳闻。
Which means that there are a lot of family events.
大家族就有很多大型家族活动。
So as a child, my parents used to drag me to these family events.
我小的时候常被父母拖过去参加。
But the one thing that I always looked forward to was playing around with my cousins.
但我唯一想做的就是找我亲戚玩。
And there was always this one uncle who used to be there, always ready,
以前那里总有一个叔叔，经常做好了准备
jumping around with us, having games for us, making us kids have the time of our lives.
和我们一起跳，陪我们玩，陪我们度过了快乐的时光。
This man was extremely successful: he was confident and powerful.
这个人及其的成功：自信、有能力。
But then I saw this hale and hearty person deteriorate in health. He was diagnosed with Parkinson's.
但是随后这个健壮精神的人生了病，被诊断为帕金森综合征。
Parkinson's is a disease that causes degeneration of the nervous system,
帕金森综合征会引发神经系统退化，
which means that this person who used to be independent suddenly finds tasks like drinking coffee, because of tremors, much more difficult.
意味着一个过去独立的人突然因为颤抖，连喝咖啡都变得非常困难。
My uncle started using a walker to walk, and to take a turn,
我的叔叔开始使用拐杖行走，想要拐弯，
he literally had to take one step at a time, like this, and it took forever.
就必须像这样一点一点地走，要花很久的时间。
So this person, who used to be the center of attention in every family gathering, was suddenly hiding behind people.
所以一个以前每次家庭聚会上都成为焦点的男人，突然躲在了大家的后面。
He was hiding from the pitiful look in people's eyes.
他在躲避大家怜悯的目光。
And he's not the only one in the world.
他并不是世界上唯一这样的人。
Every year, 60,000 people are newly diagnosed with Parkinson's, and this number is only rising.
每年有60000人被新诊断为帕金森综合征，而且以后会更多。
As designers, we dream that our designs solve these multifaceted problems,
作为设计者，我们希望我们的设计可以解决多方面的问题，
one solution that solves it all, but it need not always be like that.
一个方法就能一劳永逸，但往往事与愿违。
You can also target simple problems and create small solutions for them and eventually make a big impact.
你也可以通过解决一系列小问题，最终产生重大的影响。
So my aim here was to not cure Parkinson's, but to make their everyday tasks much more simple, and then make an impact.
所以我的重点不是治愈帕金森综合征，而是让病人每天更轻松，最后产生影响。
Well, the first thing I targeted was tremors, right?
那么第一个要解决的问题就是颤抖，对吧？
My uncle told me that he had stopped drinking coffee or tea in public just out of embarrassment, so, well, I designed the no-spill cup.
叔叔告诉我，他为了防止引起尴尬，已经不在公共场合喝咖啡或者茶了。所以我设计了防洒杯。
It works just purely on its form. The curve on top deflects the liquid back inside every time they have tremors,
通过设计一个样式达到目的。每次使用者颤抖时，顶部的曲线可以让液体流回杯子，
and this keeps the liquid inside compared to a normal cup.
从而达到不会洒的目的。
But the key here is that it is not tagged as a Parkinson's patient product.
更关键的是它不会被贴上帕金森综合征患者产品的标签。
It looks like a cup that could be used by you, me, any clumsy person,
它就像一个你，我，每个笨手笨脚的人都会使用的杯子，
and that makes it much more comforting for them to use, to blend in. So, well, one problem solved, many more to go.
这会让病人更好的融入社会。所以第一个问题解决了，后面还有很多。
All this while, I was interviewing him, questioning him,
这一阵我一直在采访他，询问他，
and then I realized that I was getting very superficial information, or just answers to my questions.
后来我发现我只得到了很表面的信息，或只是简单地回答我问的问题。
But I really needed to dig deeper to get a new perspective.
但我真的需要再深入一点，看能不能理出新的头绪。
So I thought, well, let's observe him in his daily tasks, while he's eating, while he's watching TV.
我想从观察他的日常生活开始，观察他吃饭和看电视。
And then, when I was actually observing him walking to his dining table,
当我看到他走去餐桌吃饭的时候，
it struck me, this man who finds it so difficult to walk on flat land, how does he climb a staircase?
我震惊地发现，他就连在平地上行走都是很困难的，更何况去爬楼梯。

Because in India we do not have a fancy rail that takes you up a staircase like in the developed countries.
印度不像其他发达国家一样，电梯可以帮你上楼。
One actually has to climb the stairs. So he told me, "Well, let me show you how I do it."
大家都要爬楼梯。他跟我说，我给你看我怎么上楼。
Let's take a look at what I saw.
请看我所看到的情况。
So he took really long to reach this position, and then all this while, I'm thinking,
他花了很长的时间走到了这个位置，这段时间我一直在想：
"Oh my God, is he really going to do it? Is he really, really going to do it without his walker?"
“天啊，他真的要这么做么？他真的要不用拐杖走楼梯么？”
And then ... And the turns, he took them so easily. So -- shocked? Well, I was too.
然后...然后他很轻松的转弯。所以，震惊了么？我也震惊了。
So this person who could not walk on flat land was suddenly a pro at climbing stairs.
一个不能在平地上走路的人爬楼梯却非常顺利。
On researching this, I realized that it's because it's a continuous motion.
通过研究，我了解到这是因为爬楼梯是一系列的动作。
There's this other man who also suffers from the same symptoms and uses a walker,
另一个同样使用拐杖的帕金森综合征患者，
but the moment he's put on a cycle, all his symptoms vanish, because it is a continuous motion.
只要骑上自行车，所有的症状都消失了，也是因为这是连续性的动作。
So the key for me was to translate this feeling of walking on a staircase back to flat land.
所以问题的关键就是我如何把爬楼梯的感觉移植到平地上去。
And a lot of ideas were tested and tried on him, but the one that finally worked was this one. Let's take a look.
我在他的身上尝试了很多想法，我们看一下最终成功的想法。
He walked faster, right?
他走得快一点了，是吧？
I call this the staircase illusion, and actually when the staircase illusion abruptly ended, he froze, and this is called freezing of gait.
我把它称为阶梯假象。实际上，当阶梯假象突然结束了，他就会停住了。这叫做步态冻结。
So it happens a lot, so why not have a staircase illusion flowing through all their rooms, making them feel much more confident?
这经常发生。那为什么不让屋子充满阶梯假象，让他们感到更加自信？
You know, technology is not always it. What we need are human-centered solutions.
科技并不是一切。我们需要以人为本的解决方案。
I could have easily made it into a projection, or a Google Glass, or something like that.
我本可以在谷歌眼镜或者别的什么上做一个阶梯的投影，
But I stuck to simple print on the floor.
但是我对地板上的印花思考了很久。
This print could be taken into hospitals to make them feel much more welcome.
医院可以采用这个印花，让医院更受病人的欢迎。
What I wish to do is make every Parkinson's patient feel like my uncle felt that day.
我想做到让所有的帕金森综合征的病人都感受到我叔叔那天的感觉。
He told me that I made him feel like his old self again.
他跟我说我让他感觉做回了自己。
"Smart" in today's world has become synonymous to high tech, and the world is only getting smarter and smarter day by day.
“智能”现在和高科技已经变成了同义词，世界每一天都变得更加智能。
But why can't smart be something that's simple and yet effective?
但是为什么智能的东西不能是简单而且有效的呢？
All we need is a little bit of empathy and some curiosity, to go out there, observe.
我们需要的只是同理心和好奇心，到现场观察。
But let's not stop at that. Let's find these complex problems. Don't be scared of them.
但我们不要固步不前。让我们解决一些复杂的问题，而不是被它吓到。
Break them, boil them down into much smaller problems, and then find simple solutions for them.
各个击破，把大问题打碎成一个个小问题，再找到小问题的答案。
Test these solutions, fail if needed, but with newer insights to make it better.
尝试找到答案，如果失败了，就用新的视角尝试更好的办法。
Imagine what we all could do if we all came up with simple solutions.
想象如果我们可以想到简单的解决方案，我们能做得多好。
What would the world be like if we combined all our simple solutions?
如果我们把简单的方案连在一起，这个世界将会如何？
Let's make a smarter world, but with simplicity. Thank you.
让我们使用简单的方式，让世界更智能。谢谢。