I want to tell you one story. And the story came from the early 1950s. A woman named Wanda
我想告诉你一个故事。故事来自于1950年代初。一个女人名叫旺达·露丝·伦
Ruth Lunsford, she was a scientist in New York City and she published one paper, which
她是纽约的一个科学家,她发表了一篇论文,
turned out to be her only paper in science and she was actually pushed out of science.
原来是她唯一的科学论文,她实际上是推动科学。
What she did was she took an old rat and a young rat, she put them to sleep and she tied
她挑出了一只年老老鼠和年轻老鼠，让它们进入睡眠状态并且
their skin together. So after about a day or so their blood supplies joined. Well, several
把它们的皮肤缝合在一起。大概一天后它们的血液就融合了。

weeks later she looked and in that old rat there were new neurons growing in the brain,
几周后她查看情况发现在年老老鼠的大脑中有新的基因出现并且持续生长着
the heart beat stronger and the muscles were bigger. The gray hair turned brown again.
心跳更强，肌肉更壮。灰色的毛发变成了棕色。
She claimed she reversed aging. People call her Dracula, Frankenstein, all kinds of crazy names.
她声称她逆转了变老的过程。人们说她是吸血鬼，毁灭创造者的人，所有疯狂的称呼。
Well, earlier this year three separate laboratories at Harvard, Stanford, University of California
在今年早些时候，三个实验室，分别在哈佛，斯坦福和加利福尼亚大学
San Francisco repeated the experiment and it worked. And what they showed is at age 25,
洛杉矶分校重复了这个实验，而且结果都是一样的。他们证明，在25岁时
in you and I, our stem cells go to sleep and get turned off. And proteins, from young
你和我，我们的干细胞都在休眠状态。
mice in this case or young humans, can turn them back on again. And when these stem cells
年轻老鼠（或者人）的蛋白质可以使这些干细胞回复活跃状态。
get turned back on new neurons can be grown, repair happens much quicker in tissue.
当这些干细胞回复活跃状态，神经元生长，组织修复速度更快。
We all see that. Our child breaks his leg he or she is back walking again in a couple weeks.
我们可以看到，当孩子们腿摔坏了，他们可以在几个星期以内恢复正常行走。
You don't even know what happened. Your grandmother breaks her leg and it hits her quality of
你甚至不知道这是如何做到的。但当你的祖母摔坏了她的腿，
life the rest of her life. So there are clinical trials now using proteins that were found
这就影响到了她的生活质量。所以有临床实验应用
in young individual to try to stimulate bone repair in the elderly who have fractures.
在年轻人体内发现的蛋白质去激活骨折的老年人的骨骼修复。
And so just like a diabetic requires a shot of insulin so that they can manage their sugar,
所以就像糖尿病患者需要注射胰岛素就可以控制他们体内的糖含量一样，
going forward if you break your leg in the elderly we may just give you a shot of these
当你老了，摔断了腿也只需注射一剂这样的可以激活干细胞的蛋白质
proteins to turn back on your stem cells so you can repair quicker.
这样就可以让你的骨骼修复的更快一些。
We're trying it in cancer because cancer in kids is about 90 percent curable.
我们也在试着将这个应用于治疗癌症，因为大约90%的小孩子得了癌症都可以治愈。
Once you turn 25 that same cancer turns incurable. So maybe if I can convince the body is younger
但一旦到了25岁，同样的癌症变得很难治愈。所以也许我可以肯定，
I can have, or we as a science community can have, a bigger impact on cancer. So I leave
就会对癌症有更大的影响。
you with that bit of hope that aging is something that may be able to be reversed, and not so
所以我给你们留下一个希望，就是变老是可以被逆转的，
that we can live till 150 but so that we can all live until our ninth or tenth decade without
不是说我们可以活到150岁，而是我们可以高质量地活90岁甚至100岁，而且到人生的最后10年也不会降低质量。
there being a decrease in quality in those last decades, because that would be the goal, quality years till the end.
这将是我们的一个目标，有质量地活到生命的最后。