Hello. My name is Emma, and today we are going to learn some "work" expressions.
大家好，我是Emma，今天我们要来学习一些"work"词语。
Okay? So these expressions don't necessarily actually have to do with work, but they're expressions that use the word "work".
这些词语不一定真的和工作有关，而是用"work"这个单词构成的。
So today, I will teach you ten new expressions. Let's get started.
今天我会教你们十个新词语，我们开始吧。
Expression No. 1: "overworked". What does it mean to be "overworked"?
第一个词语："overworked"（劳累过度的），"overworked"是什么意思呢？
If you are "overworked", it means you have too much work.
如果你感觉"overworked"，意思就是你的工作太多了。
Okay? So this is not a happy situation, so you might tell your boss, "Listen. I feel a little overworked."
这并不是什么高兴的状况，你可能会跟你的上司说："Listen. I feel a little overworked."（跟您说，我感觉有点劳累过度了）。
Maybe you complain to your friends on the phone, "Work is so hard, I'm overworked, there's no staff, it's all me, I work, work, work, I'm overworked."
也许你会在电话里跟朋友抱怨：“工作太累了，我很劳累，没有其他员工，只有我一个人，我一直工作工作工作，都劳累过度了。”

So "over" usually means, like, "more", so that's a hint, "overworked".
"over"通常是更多的意思，所以从这里也能猜出几分"overworked"的意思。
One thing about all of these expressions: pay careful attention to the preposition because with work expressions, a change in preposition can completely change the meaning of the expression.
所有这些词语有一个地方要讲一下：要特别注意这些介词，因为在这些用"work"组成的词语中，介词的变化会完全改变词语的意思。
So that is "overworked", I hope none of you are overworked, and I hope none of you are "underpaid", meaning you're not getting enough money.
以上就是"overworked"的内容，希望你们不会过度劳累，希望你们不会"underpaid"（报酬过低），意思是没有得到足够的钱。
Our next expression is "dirty work", I really like this expression, so what is "dirty work"?
我们的下一个词语是"dirty work"（苦活，讨厌的工作），我非常喜欢这个词语，那么"dirty work"是什么呢？
Well, "dirty" is the opposite of "clean", okay? So "dirty" is "no clean" -- "not clean".
"dirty"是"clean"的反义词，对吧？所以 "dirty"就是不干净。
"Dirty work" is work that is not fun work, no one wants to do dirty work.
"dirty work"是没有什么乐趣的工作，没人想做这种苦活。
Okay? So it's unpleasant--see the sad face? --work, what is an example of dirty work?
所以这是讨厌的工作，看见这个哭脸了吗？"dirty work"都有什么例子呢？
Well, maybe you work at a company, and maybe there's a co-worker, or maybe you have some staff,
也许你在一家公司上班，可能有个同事，或者你有某个员工，
and someone wants you to "fire" that staff, meaning someone is not happy with this person's work, so they want this person to be "fired".
某人想让你"fire"（开除）那个员工，也就是某人对这个人的工作表现不满意，所以他们想开除这个人。
Instead of them saying "You can't work here now", they will tell you to fire this person.So it's a job you don't want to do, essentially.
他们不直接对那个人说“你现在不能在这儿上班了”，而是告诉你去开除这个人。所以这是你本来不想做的一件工作。
There are many examples of "dirty work", but what it really is, is a job no one wants to do.
"dirty work"有很多例子可举，但它真正的意思是没人想做的工作。
Clean toilets might be dirty work, maybe your friend is having a party, and there're a lot of people invited, and the party has to be cancelled.
打扫厕所也许是个苦活，也许你的朋友要开派对，邀请了很多人，但是这个派对必须取消。
Maybe the dirty work is you have to tell everyone the party is cancelled.So it's work you don't want to do.
也许这里讨厌的工作是你必须告诉大家派对取消了。所以就是你不想做的事情。
Example No. 3: "get worked up". What does it mean to "get worked up"?
第三个短语："get worked up"（生气，激动），"get worked up"是什么意思呢？
It means you get very, very angry or very upset, it means you get very emotional.
意思是你非常非常生气或非常难过，意思是你情绪非常激动。
When you get worked up, you get very angry or emotional, so "get worked up".
当你"get worked up"时，你会变得非常生气或情绪化。
An example of that: maybe it's the night before your big test, and you haven't studied, and you're very stressed out, and you start to cry.
举个例子：假设这是大考前夜，你还没有学习，压力非常大，然后你开始哭了起来。
And you say, "I'm not going to pass this test. My life is ruined. I'll never get into a university. Everything's horrible.", that's you getting worked up.
你说：“这次考试我过不了了，我这辈子毁了，我永远也考不上大学，一切都糟透了”，那就是你"get worked up"的表现。
Okay? Because chances are you will do all right on your test, and you will get into university, and even if you don't, you can try again at a later time.
知道了吗？因为可能你考试的时候发挥得不错，考上了大学，而且即使你没考上，以后还是可以再试一次啊。
No. 4: "work out". So "work out" has two meanings.The first meaning is "exercise", okay?
第四个："work out"（锻炼/解决，算出），"work out"有两个意思。第一个意思是锻炼。
Do any of you guys work out? I think working out is fun.
你们中有人会锻炼身体吗？我觉得锻炼很有趣。
So it just means... you know, if you like to run, if you like to lift weights, maybe you like to play basketball, these are "workouts"; it's exercise to become healthy.
所以它的意思就是......假如你喜欢跑步，你喜欢举重，喜欢打篮球，这些都是"work out"，是为了健康而进行的锻炼。
The second meaning of "work out" is when you "work something out", you find a solution to that.
"work out"的第二个意思是以"work something out"的形式使用的，意思是找到解决某事的办法。
So for example, maybe you have a math problem, maybe two times two, two times two, you have to "work it out".
举个例子来说，假设你遇到了一个数学难题，可能是问你“二乘以二等于多少”，“二乘以二”，你必须把它算出来。
That one is a little easy, but maybe you have calculus.
那个题有点简单，不过也许你会遇到微积分问题。
One more example of "work out" is the expression, "It will all work out", meaning "everything in the end will be good".
"work out"还有一个例子——"It will all work out"这个短语，它的意思是“一切最终都会好的”。
So if maybe you have a friend, you have a big fight; "it will all work out", meaning "in the end, everything will be good", so "find a solution".
可能你有一个朋友，你们大吵了一架，但是"It will all work out"，意思就是“最后，一切都会好的”，所以"work out"的第二个意思是“找到解决办法”。
No. 5: "work on", "work on something".
第五个短语："work on"（从事，努力改善），后面接名词——"work on something"。
"I worked on a project all night.", "I worked on these English videos.", "I worked on an art piece.", "I worked on a painting."
可以说"I worked on a project all night."（我一整晚都在做项目） "I worked on these English videos."（我做了这些英语视频） "I worked on an art piece."（我研究了一件艺术品） "I worked on a painting."（我画了一幅画）。
"Work on" just means you do work, usually on a project.
"work on"就是做工作的意思，通常是做一个项目。
You can work on your basketball skills, you can get better at playing basketball, you can work on your painting skills, your English skills.
你可以改进自己的篮球技巧，让自己篮球打得更好，你可以改进自己的画画技巧，英语能力。
Every day I work on my Chinese, I hope every day you work on your English.
我每天都努力改进自己的中文，我希望每天你们都会改进自己的英语。
So that's an example of "work on", but it's usually something that isn't yet finished, you're still on the journey to completing, you haven't finished yet.
那是"work on"的一个例子，但是通常后面接的都是尚未完成的事情，还在完成的过程中，还没有做完。
Usually, "work on" refers to: you're doing a project, but you haven't finished a project.
通常"work on"指的是你在做一个项目，但是还没有完成这个项目。
Expression No. 6: "Work up an appetite".What does this mean? "Appetite" has to do with food.
第六个短语："work up an appetite"（引起食欲）。这是什么意思？"appetite"（食欲，胃口）和食物有关。
Okay? When you "work up on appetite", it means you've been maybe exercising, maybe you've been at work all day,
当你"work up an appetite"时，意思是你可能一直在锻炼，一整天都在工作，
maybe you've been in the office at the computer, but you're getting more and more hungry.
可能在办公室的电脑前一直坐着，但是你感觉越来越饿。
Your stomach is rumbling, you want food, you have worked up an appetite, so it just means you're very hungry.
你的肚子咕咕叫，你想吃东西，你已经"worked up an appetite"，所以它的意思就是你非常饿。
Okay, so now we are at expression number 7: "Workaholic".
好了，现在我们来讲第七个词语："workaholic"（工作狂）。
So this has one, two, three, four parts, four syllables: "Work", "a", "hol", "ic".
这个词语里有一、二、三、四部分，四个音节，分别是"Work", "a", "hol", "ic"。
What's a "workaholic"? A "workaholic" is a person.
"workaholic"是什么？"workaholic"是一种人。
You use it as a noun: "He is a workaholic. She is a workaholic."
把它用作一个名词："He is a workaholic. She is a workaholic."（他/她是个工作狂）。
What does it mean? It's someone who works all the time.
这是什么意思呢？它被用来形容一直工作的人。
They have a problem because they work so much.
他们有问题，因为他们工作的时间太长了。
Maybe they never see their family because they're always working, so it's...it's a problem.
也许他们从来不见自己的家人，因为他们总是在工作，所以这是个问题。
We use "aholic" whenever we're talking about doing something too much.
我们讲做某件事做得太多了时就会用"aholic"。
So if you drink too much alcohol, you would be an "alcoholic".
所以如果你喝酒喝得太多了，那你就是一个"alcoholic"（酒鬼）。
If you drink every day at breakfast, and it's very unhealthy, it's an "alcoholic".
如果你每天早餐时都喝酒，这非常不健康，是个"alcoholic"。
If you shop all the time, and you spend all your money shopping, every day you go shopping, and you can't pay your bills, you're a "shopaholic", "shopaholic".
如果你一直购物，所有的钱都花在了购物上，每天都去购物，付不起账单，那你就是一个"shopaholic"（购物狂）。
So you will see "aholic", and it just means "to do something too much and it's not healthy".
你们会看到"aholic"，它的意思是“做某件事做得太多了，不健康”。
So "workaholic" is not a good thing, it means you work too much, and you're missing out on time with your family and your friends.
所以"workaholic"并不是一件好事，它的意思是你工作的时间太长了，错过了和家人朋友在一起的时光。
So I hope none of you are workaholics.
所以我希望你们都不是工作狂。
No. 8: "work it", this expression is a fun expression.
第八个："work it"（做好），这个短语非常有趣。
You might see it on TV sometimes, and it means...it's almost to encourage someone.
你们可能有时候在电视上看到过这个短语，它的意思是......基本上就是鼓励某人。
So maybe someone is up on a stage, and they're walking, maybe they're modeling clothes, you might call out, "Work it."
可能某个人在舞台上，他们在走着，可能是作为模特在走秀，你可能会喊出来“work it”（好好走）。
And it means you're giving them encouragement, you're telling them, "Yeah, you're doing something confident."
意思是你在鼓励他们，你在告诉他们“是的，你们在做很有信心的事情”。
So when you see someone do something confidently, and you want to encourage them, you can say, "Work it."
所以当你看见某人很有信心地做某事，而你想鼓励他们，你可以说"Work it"。
I had a friend who always said this, anytime she saw me walking down the street, she would yell, "Work it! Work it!",
我有个朋友总是这么说，她任何时候看见我走在街上就会大喊"Work it! Work it!"，
which means, you know, "walk confidently", so it's an encouraging expression.
意思是“走得自信点”，所以这是一个鼓励人的短语。
No. 9: "to work someone in". What does it mean to "work someone in"?
第九个："to work someone in"（把某人加进来），"to work someone in"是什么意思呢？
It means...in this case, we're talking about maybe you're at the doctor's or the dentist, and you're talking to the receptionist, and you want to get an appointment, you need to see the doctor.
在这里的意思是......假设你在医生或牙医处，你在跟前台接待员讲话，想要一个预约，你需要看医生。
The receptionist might say, "Today we're busy, but I can work you in."
前台可能会说：“今天我们很忙，但是我可以把你插进来”。
This means, "even though it's busy, you can get an appointment".
意思就是“虽然今天很忙，但你还是可以预约上”。
So we use "work someone in" a lot with dentists, doctors.
所以我们在讲到牙医、医生的时候经常用到"work someone in"这个短语。
Usually it's a receptionist or a secretary who says this, meaning, "I can get you an appointment for what you need."
通常是前台接待员或者秘书这么说，意思是“我可以给你一个你需要的预约”。
Same with hair, if you ever get your hair cut, they're very busy, maybe the hairdresser will say, "I'm busy today, but I will work you in. I will cut your hair."
弄头发也是一样，如果你要剪头发，发廊很忙，理发师可能会说“我今天很忙，但是我可以把你加进来，我会帮你剪头发的”。
No. 10, last expression on the list: "work something out".
第十个，今天要学的最后一个短语："work something out"（作出，解决）。
What does it mean to "work something out"? It means "to make an arrangement".
"work something out是什么意思呢？意思是作出安排。
So for example, usually people will say, "We can work something out. We can make an arrangement. We can make some sort of plan."
举个例子，通常人们会说“我们能解决的，我们能安排好的，我们能制定某种计划的”。
So maybe you have a new job, but you live in France, and the job is in Dubai.How are you going to work in Dubai?
假设你得到了一个新工作，但是你住在法国，而新工作地点在迪拜。你要怎么在迪拜工作呢？
Maybe your boss will say, "It's okay, we can work something out. We will make some sort of plan."
也许你老板会说“没关系，我们会作出安排的，我们会制定某种计划的”。
So it's just where two people make some sort of plan together.
所以就是两个人一起制定某种计划。
Okay, so I hope you have worked hard today while watching these videos.
好了，我希望你们今天看这些视频的时候有work hard（努力学习）。
I hope, again, that you're not going to be workaholics with English and study all the time, but that you'll take some breaks.
再次希望你们不会成为英语方面的workaholics（工作狂），一直学个不停，而是会休息休息。
I also hope you will come and work on our test at www. engvid. com, I promise you there will be no dirty work.Until next time.
我还希望你们登陆我们的网站www. engvid. com，work on（做）一些测验，我向你们保证不会有dirty work（苦活）的。下次见。