词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．I want to provide my boys with a decenteducation.
A．good B．special C．private D．general
2．Lower taxes wouldspurinvestment and help economic growth.
A．spend B．require C．encourage D．attract
3．Steep stairs can present a particularhazardto older people.
A．danger B．case C．picture D．evidence
4．The project required ten years ofdiligentresearch.
A．hardworking B．basic C．social D．scientific
5．The two banks have announced plans tomergenext year.
A．combine B．close C．break D．sell
6．Hedemolishedmy argument in minutes.
A．disputed B．accepted C．disproved D．supported
7．Her father was a quiet man withgracefulmanners.
A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad
8．Regular visits from a social worker can be ofimmensevalue to old people living alone.
A．equal B．moderate C．immediate D．great
9．He was rathervagueabout the reasons why he never finished school.
A．bad B．bright C．unclear D．general
10．He was kept inappallingconditions in prison.
A．critical B．necessary C．normal D．terrible
11．I can’tput up withmy neighbor’s noise any longer; it’s driving me mad.
A．measure B．generate C．tolerate D．reduce
12．I enjoyed the play — it had a clever plot and veryfunnydialogues.
A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous
13．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes ofvigorousexercise every day.
A．physical B．energetic C．regular D．free
14．Our arrangements were thrown into completeturmoil.
A．doubt B．relief C．confusion D．failure
15．Patricia stared at the other girls withresentment.
A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise

阅读理解

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boost
The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests.
This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority — only 2 percent — who had experienced “ideal” conditions in their working life, anyway.
“The results really say three things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and. finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor.” said Hugo Westerlund, lead author of a study published online Nov. 9 inThe Lancet（柳叶刀）. “This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being.”
But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden, “not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up.”
Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before. “Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health.” Westerlund said.
This study looked at what the same 15, 000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.
As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement.
Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.
The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of not punching the clock.
Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater im­provements as soon as they retired, the team found.
16．Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．The study analyzed the participants’ perception of their own health in a certain period.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．The participants came from various countries in Europe.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned

概括大意

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Parkinson’s Disease
1　Parkinson’s disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺.). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson’s, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2　No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson’s disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.
3　Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson’s affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson’s may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills.
4　At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results.

23．Paragraph 1 ______
24．Paragraph 2 ______
25．Paragraph 3 ______
26．Paragraph 4 ______

A．Tips for Patients with the Disease
B．Common Treatment for the Disease
C．Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
D．Typical Symptoms of the Disease
E．Possible Causes of the Disease
F．Definition of Parkinson’s Disease

27．You’ll find it hard to move the way you want to__________.
28．A lot of research is being done to find out__________.
29．One of the most common signs of Parkinson’s is tremor,__________.
30．A person with Parkinson’s has to learn to live with the disease.__________.

A．if there isn’t enough dopamine in your body
B．what affects muscles all through your body
C．which cannot be cured yet
D．if you have a fixed or blank expression
E．which may be the first symptom you notice
F．what causes Parkinson’s disease

阅读理解
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?
Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don’t necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.
In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to sub­mit to or the surgeon who wields（支配）the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be.
I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the Ameri­can College of Surgeons. “There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,” he told me.
There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. “Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports,” Dr. Russell continued, “and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. ”
In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It ‘also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment.
“If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U. S.,” Dr. Russell said, “every­body has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers, pharmaceutical（制药的）companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient. ”
Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power.
31．According to the author, patients should spend more time
A．researching the American College of Surgeons.
B．researching their surgery or surgeons.
C．researching new cars.
D．researching job changes.
32．Nowadays patients seem to have
A．too much trust in their doctors.
B．too much information about their doctors.
C．too little faith in their doctors.
D．a healthy relationship with their doctors.
33．Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which
A．patients and doctors play equally important roles.
B．the patient does not have an active role to play.
C．doctors have the final say in almost everything.
D．the patient has the most important role to play.
34．It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship
A．is dependent just on the doctor.
B．is a goal that can be achieved.
C．entails any effort on the part of the patient.
D．is what the patient truly desires.
35．The author does NOT believe in
A．lots of scientific data.
B．Francis Bacon.
C．blind trust.
D．too much knowledge.
第二篇 CT Scans and Lung Cancer
Small or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday.
The findings, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.
Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.
The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan.
High-tech（高技术的）X—rays called CT scans can detect tumors — but they see all sorts of other blobs（模糊的一团）that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）, a dangerous procedure.
At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.
Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Klaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview.
The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules.
Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growths of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer; 10 additional cases were found years later.
But of the 7,361 who tested negative during screening, only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.
In a second round of screening, done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.
The result means that if the screening test says you don’t have lung cancer, you probably don’t, the researchers said. “The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,” they concluded.
36．The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules_________.
A．you cannot be too careful
B．cancer is just matter of time
C．a biopsy is unnecessary
D．more aggressive testing is a must
37．Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?
A．Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it
B．It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world
C．159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year
D．It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.
38．According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening ________.
A．are a little bit too costly
B．do not exist yet
C．are being implemented
D．have been developed
39．All the following statements are true EXCEPT________.
A．a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules
B．almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancer
C．all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer
D．most of the volunteers tested negative during screening
40．In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph ________.
A．are somewhat inaccurate
B．are pretty small
C．are rather high
D．are quite unbelievable
第三篇 The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I. since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might lie her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C．, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman a- bout the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
41．The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains.
B．the melted ice made him visible.
C．he was lying on the ice.
D．he was just on a mountain pass.
42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The Iceman was killed while working.
B．The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C．The Iceman lived a poor life.
D．The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
43．All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A．he was a soldier in World War I.
B．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father.
C．he was born about a thousand years ago.
D．he came from Italy.
44．The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A．was probably in some kind of a battle.
B．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
C．had got a wound on the back of his head.
D．had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
45．The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could he best replaced by
A．soldiers.
B．hunters.
C．shooters.
D．robbers.
补全短文
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
I Know Just How You Feel
Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types — anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. __________ (46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin’s small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. __________ (47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism（孤独症）, who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an “emotion”. __________ (48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from “afraid” to “wanting”.
Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. __________ (49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone’s face. “It was really clear when the actors had got it right,” says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD．“Although they were given some direction,” says Ms Collis, “the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. __________ (50) For example, when someone feels contempt, you can’t say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called “action units”. These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
B．These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.
C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by “I feel” or “he looks” or “she
sounds”.
E．He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.
F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.
完形填空
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Skin Cancer
Melanoma（黑素瘤）, the deadliest kind of skin cancer, is now the most common cancer in ______ (51) British women, the country’s leading cancer organization said Wednesday. Skin cancer has ______ (52) cervical（子宫颈的）cancer as the top cancer striking women in their 20s, according to the latest data from Cancer Research United Kingdom.
The trend is particularly ______ (53) since younger people are not generally those most susceptible（易患的）to melanoma. Rates of skin cancer are ______ (54) highest in people over age 75.
But experts worry that increasing numbers of younger people being diagnosed with skin cancer could be the ______ (55) of a dangerous trend. Women in their 20s make ______ (56) a small percentage of all patients diagnosed with melanoma in Britain, but nearly a third of all cases occur in people younger than 50.
Based on current numbers, Cancer Research UK predicts that melanoma will become the fourth ______ (57) common cancer for men and women of all ages by 2024, and that cases will jump from about 9,000 cases a year to more than 15,500.
Cancer experts ______ (58) the rising number of skin cancer cases largely to the surge in people using tanning salons. “Spending time on sun beds is just as ______ (59) as staying out too long in the sun,” said Caroline Cerny of Cancer Research UK. The organization is starting a SunSmart ______ (60) to warn Britons of the dangers of being too bronzed.
“The intensity of ultraviolet rays in some sun beds can be more than 10 ______ (61) stronger than the midday sun,” Cerny said.
In the United States, several states require parental approval ______ (62) minors can use tan­ning salons. Wisconsin bans people 16 and ______ (63) from using tanning beds, and others ban children under 14. At least 29 states have regulations governing minors’ use of tanning salons.
In the U. K., Scottish politicians passed legislation banning those under 18 from using tanning beds, though it hasn’t yet been implemented. There are no plans for ______ (64) in the rest of the U. K.
The World Health Organization has previously recommended that tanning beds be regulated be­cause of their potential to damage DNA in the skin. Experts said most deadly skin cancers could be ______ (65) if people took the proper precautions when in the sun and avoided tanning beds.
51．A．young B．married C．middle-aged D．elderly
52．A．overtaken B．overseen C．overlooked D．overwhelmed
53．A．encouraging B．misleading C．worrying D．booming
54．A．occasionally B．hopefully C．surprisingly D．typically
55．A．line B．point C．turn D．start
56．A．up B．on C．off D．to
57．A．most B．more C．very D．much
58．A．allocate B．associate C．contribute D．attribute
59．A．ineffective B．dangerous C．exhausting D．comfortable
60．A．execution B．campaign C．reaction D．conquest
61．A．degrees B．ranks C．times D．steps
62．A．until B．while C．before D．although
63．A．less B．beneath C．lower D．under
64．A．debate B．caution C．legislation D．approval
65．A．avoided B．diagnosed C．predicted D．treated
参考答案和解析
2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（卫生类A级）
1 A 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 A
6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 D
11 C 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 A
16 A 17 A 18 C 19 C 20 A
21 B 22 C 23 F 24 E 25 D
26 B 27 A 28 F 29 E 30 C
31 B 32 A 33 D 34 A 35 C
36 C 37 C 38 C 39 B 40 B
41 B 42 B 43 D 44 A 45 D
46 E 47 A 48 D 49 F 50 B
51 A 52 A 53 C 54 D 55 D
56 A 57 A 58 D 59 B 60 B
61 C 62 C 63 D 64 C 65 A
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。
2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（卫生类A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．A　译文：我想给儿子们提供良好的教育。
划线词为形容词，意思是“体面的，相当好的”，和A项good（好的）意思相近，又如：Exercise is good for health.运动有益于健康。B项意为“特别的，专门的”，例：He never drinks except on special occasions.除非在特定场合，否则他从不喝酒。C项意为“私人的，秘密的”，例：The President is paying a private visit to Europe.总统正在对欧洲进行私人访问。D项意为“普遍的，总体的”，例：The general opinion is in favour of us.舆论对我们有利。
2．C　译文：低税收会刺激投资并有助于经济增长。
划线词为动句，意思是“刺激，鞭策”，与C项encourage（激励，鼓励）意思相近，又如：Teachers often encourage class participation.教师常鼓励学生积极参与。A项意为“花费”，例：He has spent all his money.他把所有的钱都花光了。B项意为“要求"，例：The occasion requires formal dress.这场合要求穿礼服。 D项意为“吸引”，例：The panda attracted many children.那只熊猫吸引了不少孩子。
3．A　译文：陡峭的楼梯对老年人来说很危险。
划线词为名词，意思是“危险”，与A项danger（危险）为同义词，又如：In case of danger, raise the electric alarm.如果有危险，就拉响电动警报器。B项意为“事例”，例：Could you give us a concrete case? 你能给我们举个具体事例吗？ C项意为“图片”，例：All the pictures should be faced forward.所有的图片都应朝前摆。D项意为“证据”，例：The room bore evidence of a struggle.房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。
4．A　译文：这个项目需要10年勤奋的研究。
划线词为形容词，意思是“勤奋的”，与A项hardworking（刻苦的，努力的）意思相近，又如：Chinese people are hardworking.中国人民是勤劳的。B项意为“基本的”，例：The basic requirement is to be on time.最基本的要求就是要准时。C项意为“社会的，交际的"，例：We should attend the social activities as much as possible.我们应该多参加社交活动。D项意为“科学的”，例：The theory is scientific.这个理论是科学的。
5．A　译文：这两家银行宣布了明年合并的计划。
划线词为动词，意思是“合并”，与A项combine（联合）意思相近，又如：We should combine punishment with leniency.我们应该将严厉对待和宽大处理相结合。B项意为“关闭”，例：The door won’t close.这门关不上。 C项意为“打破”：Glass breaks easily.玻璃易碎。D项意为“卖”，例：Merchants buy and sell.商人买进卖出。
6．C　译文：他几分钟之内就推翻了我的论据。
划线词为动词，意思是“推翻”，与C项disproved（反驳）意思相近，又如：This discovery disproved the idea that the world was flat.这个发现推翻了地球是平的这一看法。A项意为“争论”，例：Some husbands and wives are always disputing.有些夫妇总是争吵。 B项意为“接受”，例：If you accept, please let me know.如果你接受的话，请通知我。D项意为“支持，支撑”，例：Walls support the roof.墙支撑着屋顶。
7．A　译文：她的父亲温文尔雅。
划线词为形容词，意思是“典雅的，文雅的”，与A项polite（礼貌的，有教养的）意思相近，又如：He s always so polite to people.他对人总是非常有礼貌。B项意为“相似的”，例：My view is similar to yours.我的看法与你的相似。C项意为“通常的”，例：It’s usual to have a holiday in summer.夏天休假是惯例。D项意为“不好的”，例：Reading in a dim light is bad for the eyes.在暗淡的光线下看书有损视力。
8．D　译文：社工的定期看望对独居的老年人来说意义重大。
划线词为形容词，意思是“极大的”，与D项great（巨大的）意思相近，又如：That great tree takes away all the light.那棵大树把光线全给遮住了。A项意为“平等的”，例：All men are equal in the eye of law.法律面前人人平等。B项意为“中等的，适度的”，例：He has a room of moderate size.他有一个大小适中的房间。C项意为“立刻的”，例：This matter is immediate，we must do it now.这事刻不容缓，我们必须现在做。
9．C　译文：他对于自己为什么没有完成学业的原因相当不清楚。
划线词为形容词，意思是“模糊的，不清楚的”，与C项unclear（含糊的，不清楚的）为同义词，又如：：I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.我愿意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。A项意为“坏的”，例：He speaks bad English.他说的英语很差劲。B项意为“聪明的”，例：A bright boy learns quickly.聪明的孩子学得快。 D项意为“普遍的”，例：Your answer is too general.你的答案太笼统了。
10．D　译文：他被囚禁在环境恶劣的监狱中。
划线词为形容词，意思是“骇人听闻的，极糟的”，与D项terrible（可怕的）意思相近，又如：This is terrible!这太可怕了！ A项意为“关键性的，批判的”，例：It is at the critical moment.到了关键的时刻了。B项意为“必要的”，例：It is necessary to get up earlier.早起床是必要的。C项意为“正常的，标准的”，例：It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
11．C　译文：我再也不能忍受邻居的噪声，它让我发疯。
划线词为动词，意思是“忍受”，与C项tolerate（忍受，容忍）意思相近，又如：We cannot tolerate such waste.我们不能容忍这种浪费现象。A项意为“估量”，例：It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.没有见过他的作品，很难估计他的能力。B项意为“生产，导致”，例：This book will continue to generate excitement for a long time.这本书将在很长一段时间里继续使人们为之激动。D项意为“减少”，例：He won’t reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减少我们房子的租金。
12．D　译文：我喜欢这部戏剧——它情节巧妙，对话幽默。
划线词为形容词，意思是“滑稽的，有趣的，可笑的”，与D项humorous（滑稽的，富有幽默感的）为同义词，又如：Tom is very humorous.汤姆很幽默。A项意为“长的”，例：The distance between us is long.我们之间的距离很远。B项意为“无趣的，单调的，乏味的”，例：It is a boring job.这是一件乏味的工作。C项意为“起初的，原来的”，例：We should follow the original plan.我们应该遵循原来的计划。
13．B　译文：你的狗每天至少需要20分钟充沛的运动。
划线词为形容词，意思是“精力充沛的”，与B项energetic（精力充沛的，有活力的）为同义词，又如： He is constitutionally energetic.他体质强健，精力充沛。A项意为“身体的”，例：Youth is the time of physical growth.青年时期是长身体的时期。C项意为“有规律的”，例；He leads a regular life.他过着有规律的生活。D项意为“自由的”，例：Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。
14．C　译文：我们的安排完全被打乱了。
划线词为名词，意思是“混乱”，与C项confusion（混乱）为同义词，又如：His unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion.他的突然来访使我们完全不知所措。A项意为“怀疑，疑虑”，例：There is no room for doubt.没有怀疑的余地。B项意为“缓解，减轻，解除”，例：This medicine will give you some relief.这药会为你减轻一些痛苦。D项意为“失败"，例：Failure teaches success.失败是成功之母。
15．A　译文：帕特丽夏不满地盯着其他女孩。
划线词为名词，意思是“怨恨”，与A项anger（怒气）意思相近，又如：She is swift to anger.她爱生气。B项意为“怀疑”，例：The outcome of the election remains in doubt.选举的结果仍然不能肯定。C项意为“爱”，例：My mother’s love for me was very great.母亲对我的爱是很深的。D项意为“吃惊”，例：To my surprise, he refused to cooperate with us.令我吃惊的是，他拒绝与我们合作。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．A　句意：大部分刚退休的人感觉比以往更年轻更健康。
关键词是feel younger and healthier。依据此关键词，可在文中第一段找到相关语句：The self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests.这句话的意思是：一项新的欧洲调查研究表明，新退休人员对自身健康状况的评估有很大提升，他们感觉退休后年轻了八岁。判断句和原句用了近义结构，表达了相同的信息，故此题为“正确”的。
17．A　句意：一般来说，老年员工和年轻员工一样适合工作。
关键词为fit for work。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第三句找到相关语句：…，not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work.这两句话的意思是：不是所有的老年人都健康状况不佳。事实上很多老年人都非常健康，适合工作。故此题为“正确”的。
18．C　句意：老年员工往往能与年轻员工相处融洽。
关键词为get on very well。文中没有提到老年员工和年轻员工的相处情况，故此题为“未提及”的。
19．C　句意：欧洲比全球其他地方的老龄化速度都快。
关键词为aging。文中通篇并未提到欧洲老龄化的问题，故此题为“未提及”的。
20．A　句意：该研究分析了被调查者在某一特定时期对其自身健康状况的评估。
关键词为participants和perception。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关语句：As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement.这句话的意思是：被调查者对自身健康状况的评估值随着退休年龄的接近而下降，但是在退休后的第一年又再次上升。由这句话可以判断，该研究对被调查者对其健康状况的评估进行了分析，故此题为“正确”的。
21．B　句意：被调查者来自欧洲不同的国家。
关键词为various countries.依据此关键词，可在文中第六段第一句找到相关语句：This study looked at what the same 15.000 French workers…这句话的意思是：该研究对法国的15, 000名工人进行了调查……，可见原句的说法与问题句不一致，故此题为“错误”的。
22．C　句意：该研究结果适用于全球。
关键词为all over the world，文中并未提及该研究结果是否适用于全世界，故此题为“未提及”的。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．F　短文第一段讲述了帕金森病的原因、表现及后期发展，整体对帕金森病进行了描述。 F项Definition of Parkinson’s Disease（帕金森病的定义）与段落大意意义相近，故选F。
24．E　短文第二段主要讲帕金森病的病因。第三句为主题句，意为：他们正在研究包括老龄化和环境中的毒素在内的多种原因。E项Possible Causes of the Disease（可能导致帕金森病的原因）与主题句意思吻合，故选E。
25．D　短文第三段主要讲震颤、难以吞咽食物和便秘等帕金森病的几个症状。D项Typical Symptoms of the Disease（帕金森病的典型症状）与段落大意意义相近，故选D。
26．B　短文第四段讲到，现在还没有找到帕金森病的治愈方法，但有几种药物可以控制它的症状，又提到如果轻微的话如何治疗，如果影响生活的话如何治疗等。B项Common Treatment for the Disease（帕金森病的普遍疗法）与段落大意意义相近，故选B。
27．A　题意：如果你体内没有足够的多巴胺，你会发现很难自如地行动。
短文第一段最后一句指出“到那时你没有足够的多巴胺，行动就会变得很困难”，故选A。
28．F　题意：科学家们做了许多研究，试图找到帕金森病的病因。
短文第二段前两句指出“没有人能确定是什么原因引起了这种神经细胞的损坏，但是科学家们正在为找到答案而进行大量的研究”，故选F。
29．E　题意：帕金森病最常见的症状是震颤，这也许是你注意到的第一个症状。
短文第三段前两句指出“震颤也许是你注意到的第一个症状。虽然不是每个病人都会出现这种症状，但它是帕金森病最常见的症状”，故选E。
30．C　题意：帕金森病患者不得不试着去忍受这种疾病，它目前还不能被治愈。
短文第四段前两句指出“目前帕金森病还没有治愈方法。但是有几种药物可以控制它的症状使其变得容易忍受”，故选C。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．B　题意：作者认为，病人应该花更多时间研究他们要做的外科手术或其外科医生。
短文第三段第二句提到“病人们往往并未参与其中，而且并不认为非要去研究手术和了解医生”，而前面一句又提到作者对该研究得出的结论感到很好奇，可以判断作者不同意患者的做法，故选B。
32．A　题意：如今病人们似乎过于信任医生。
短文第二段提到，“无论是主刀医生还是初级护理的医生，许多病人都对他们给出的答案感到满意。”第四段指出“这种盲目的信任会导致不良后果”，由此判断患者是过于信任医生了，故选A。
33．D　题意：药物和手术现在是由一个团队决定的，这一团队中病人扮演了最重要的角色。
短文第四段第二句提到，“现在，药物与治疗属于团队行为，而病人作为最终的决策者是这个团队最重要的成员。“ultimate decision maker意为“最终决策者”，即扮演了最重要的角色，故选D。
34．A　题意：认为健康的医患关系仅仅依赖医生是错误的。
短文第五段最后一句指出“健康的医患关系也要求病人了解他们的医生、病情和治疗方案”，故选A。
35．C　题意：作者不支持盲目的信任。
短文第四段第一句提到：“这样盲目信任会导致不良的后果。”第七段中又进一步提到信任非常重要。但正如最早明白采集数据之于科学的重要性之一的弗朗西斯·培根爵士曾经讲过的那样：知识就是力量。”由此可知，除了trust外，还有许多其他因素，比如knowledge，也很重要，故选C。
第二篇
36．C　题意：最新研究表明针对小的和扩散缓慢的肺部小结节，没必要采用活检治疗。
短文第一段提到“肺部扫描发现的小的和扩散缓慢的小结节在两年内发展为肿瘤的可能性很小”，而第五段又提到活检是很危险的，由此判断没必要采用活检治疗，故选C。
37．C　题意：关于肺癌，以下哪个说法可能不正确？美国每年新诊断出159,000例。
短文第三段提到，仅仅在美国，每年就有159,000人死于肺癌。但并没有说这一数字是每年的新诊病例，故选C。
38．C　题意：由文章判断，肺癌检测的好的指导方法正在实施。
短文第七段提到，好的指导方法能让肺癌检查更可行，由此可推断出这个好的指导方法正在实施，故选C。
39．B　题意：以下选项只有几乎所有有大的结节或者结节扩散迅速的人都被发现患有肺癌是错误的。
短文第九段提到这196人中有70人被发现患有肺癌，数年后又有10个被发现患有肺癌。并没有说是全部，故选B。
40．B　题意：研究者认为，最后一段给出的比例非常小。
文章最后一段提到的数字仅为千分之一和千分之三，故选B。
第三篇
41．B　题意：冰人的尸体在山脉里被发现主要是因为融化的冰能够让他可见。
文中第一段最后两句指出“这个高度的冰通常是不会化的，但是由于1991年尤其暖和，山上的冰比原来化的要多，所以尸体就露出来了"，故选B。
42．B　题意：从文中第二段可以推断出：冰人可能是死于头部的伤。
根据第二段第一句对冰人的描述：“他面朝下，除了头部的一个伤口，整个骨架的状况完好”，因此可推出他可能是死于头部的伤，故选B。
43．D　题意：下面除了他来自意大利这个猜测，其他的都是关于冰人的猜测。
文中第三段是对冰人来历的猜测。有人认为他是一战的士兵；一个瑞士女人坚信冰人是她二十年前死在这些山里没找到尸体的父亲；科学家们认为他大概有一千年的历史了，故选D。
44．A　题意：科学家们得出结论：冰人当时可能是在进行战争。
文中第四段谈到通过X光检查出在他的肩膀处有个箭头，就是这个东西让他受了内伤并且流血，从而死掉，这说明他当时极有可能是处在一场战争中，故选A。
45．D　题意：第四段中“bandits”能被“robbers”代替。
第四段谈到冰人当时也许正处于一场很大的战争中，或者是与强盗的交战中，甚至他本人就是可能是强盗。robbers意为“抢劫者”，与bandits意思相近，故选D。
第5部分：补全短文
46．E　句意：他说这些感觉的表情是普遍的，能够被任何人，任何文化所认知的。
根据前文中提到了达尔文把表情分为六个类型这种说法，可以推知后面应该会进一步对他的观点进行阐释，故选E。
47．A　句意：我们曾试着努力描述各种情感，但是为此制定一个清晰的规则几乎是不可能的。
根据前文中提到的越来越多的脸部表情在全世界都被共享，所以后面可以推知，既然被全世界共享，那么就可以努力地描述各种情感了。但是为了做到这一点去制定一个规则又是不可能的，所以谈到了后面的DVD阅读表情的方法，故选A。
48．D　句意：他们决定精神状态可以发生在“我感觉”或“他看起来”或“她听起来”之后。
前一句谈到了教授和他的研究团队第一次不得不定义情感，后面又谈到了用这些定义取得了什么成果。故中间那句话应该是给情感下定义，故选D。
49．F　句意：任何其它展示这412种情感的方法，例如词语，是远远没有这个效果好的。这句话后面谈到了用语言表达情感是很困难的，因此是对前面的解释，故选F。
50．B　句意：这些特殊的肌肉是很难控制的，很少有人能做到这一点。
前面说到这些演员并没有被告知要如何活动脸部肌肉，所以后面应该会解释他们没有被告知的原因，故选B。
第6部分：完形填空
51．A　下文出现了“in their 20s”这一词组，由此可知此处应是“年轻的”，故选A。
52．A　文中强调皮肤癌的危险性超过子宫颈癌，而overtake竞为追上，赶上，故选A。
53．C　根据后一句“年轻人一般并不是最容易患这种病的”，所以这一趋势是令人担忧的，故选C。
54．D　这里讲的是皮肤癌的患病率在75岁以上人群中很典型，即高发，故选D。
55．D　由上下文可知，本应在老年人中高发的皮肤癌在年轻女性中高发，令人担忧，它可能是一个新的危险趋势的开始，故选D。
56．A　本题考查词组，make up意为“构成，占……的比重”，故选A。
57．A　这里是说，该疾病在2024年将可能成为人类第四常见癌症，故选A。
58．D　本题考查词组.attribute to表示归因于，故选D。
59．B　文中将晒日光浴与长时间待在阳光下进行对比，表明二者同样危险，故选B。
60．B　由上文可知，该组织开展了一项活动告诉人们晒日光浴的危险，故选B。
61．C　这里是说，晒日光浴时紫外线的强度可能会比正午时强十多倍，表示倍数的只有time，故选C。
62．C　由上下文可知，此处是说一些地区要求孩子晒日光浴要得到父母的允许。故选C。
63．D　由上下文可知，此处是说禁止16岁及以下的孩子晒日光浴，表示在……之下只能用under，故选D。
64．C　由上下文可知，这里是拿英国的情况同美国作比较，英国除了苏格兰外其它地方并没有相应的立法。因此此处应为法律，故选C。
65．A　这里是说，专家们认为大多数致命的皮肤癌可以避免a diagnose诊断，predict预测，treat治疗，均不符合句意。只有avoid避免，符合句意，故选A。