But it was the Enigma which lay at the heart of the British recovery of summer 1941;
但在1941年夏天，英国扭转局势的核心力量，还是破译谜机。
not only in the tactical routeing of convoys, but in making possible action against U-boats, especially their supply system.
在护航队的战略路线、对抗敌方潜艇的行动，尤其是保障供给系统方面，谜机的破译工作起到了不可替代的作用。
Above all the British now had a clear and virtually complete picture of what was happening.
最重要的是，英国现在能够清楚完整地了解，整个战场到底发生了什么。
It was through Alan Turing's work that 'in July and August, by which time Winn had got into his stride', losses fell to under 100,000 tons a month.
正是因为艾伦的研究，使英国的运力损耗降到了每月100, 000吨。
Overall, the second half of 1941 saw German successes halved despite an increase in the number of U-boats to 80 in October.
总得来说，在1941年下半年，德国人的进展只不过是U型潜艇的数量在十月时增长到80艘。
By the end of the year it was being claimed that the shipping problem was solved.
在这一年的年末，英国的海运问题已经基本上解决了。
Yet the fight was very far from over.
然而战争还远未结束。
The British improvements were only just keeping pace with the continually growing U-boat strength, and they were at the mercy of the Enigma enciphering system.
英国的发展只能刚好与U型潜艇的力量增长相抵消，而且他们还要依赖于对谜机的破解。
September 1941, in particular, saw a dramatic increase in sinkings for the few weeks after a small sophistication was introduced into the U-boat signals.
1941年9月，U型潜艇的通信系统中，添加了一个很小的复杂系统，于是英国的沉船数量在几个星期内剧烈增长。
They had all along been indicating positions by means of the grid references on their maps, and
他们长期使用他们的地图，通过参考坐标网的方法来标明位置，而