Recent archaeological finds reveal that the Vikings were not only fierce, bloodthirsty warriors but also farmers, skilled craftsmen, impressive mariners, and expert traders as well. As more discoveries are made, our knowledge of the Vikings will widen even more—dispelling many myths surrounding this fascinating group of people.
最新考古发现表示，维京人不仅是凶暴嗜血的战士，还种地、有成熟的手工艺和船队，还精于贸易。随着更多遗迹被发现，我们对维京人的认识也将越来越深，笼罩这个有趣族群的很多谜团也将揭开。

10.Tomb Of Viking Power Couple
10.贵族夫妇的墓

In 2012, engineers building a highway in Harup, Denmark, discovered a wooden building. Later on, the discovery was identified as a Viking tomb. Also known as dodehus or death house, the tomb contained the remains of a couple archaeologists believed held a high social status in Viking society.
2012年，在丹麦Harup村修路的工程师们发现了一间木屋，后来确认为维京人的墓，人称“死亡之屋”，内有一对夫妇的遗骸。考古学家认为他们曾是维京社会的上流人物。
Experts discovered two interesting items buried alongside the couple: a large battle axe and two keys. The axe, which was found together with the man, was considered to be the "machine gun" of the Viking era. Europeans back then trembled at the sight of this battle axe. The keys, on the other hand, were "a symbol of (the woman's) power and status as a great lady."
专家们另外还发现了两件有趣的东西：一把大战斧和两把钥匙。斧子在男子身边，应该是维京时代的“枪”，让当时的欧洲人闻风丧胆。而钥匙则象征了夫人的权利和崇高社会地位。
The researchers also discovered a third body buried alongside the couple. They surmised that the man was added at a later date, and he might have been the couple's successor.
研究人员还发现了第三具遗骸，应该是后来葬在夫妇身边的，可能是他们的继承人。

9.Viking Women Colonized New Lands Too
9.维京妇女也参与了殖民新大陆

A new study involving ancient Viking DNA suggested that Viking women played a significant role in the colonization of overseas lands. Experts arrived at this conclusion after discovering that the maternal DNA of the Vikings "closely matches that of modern-day people in the North Atlantic isles," especially that of Shetland and Orkney Islands in the United Kingdom.
一项有关维京人DNA的研究发现，维京妇女在海外殖民中扮演了重要角色，因为维京人的母系DNA与现代北大西洋岛民非常相近，尤其是英国的设得兰群岛和奥克尼群岛。
This discovery also debunked the widely held assumption that the Vikings were merely pillagers and raiders. They were family-oriented people as well who "established settlements and grew crops" and even engaged in trade. In addition, this recent finding challenged a study published in 2001 that suggested that Viking men would travel alone and then bring local female captives when they colonized new territories.
这个发现也驳斥了广为流传的“维京人只会掠夺”的偏见。他们其实也很重视家庭，“建立了定居点并种植庄稼”，甚至进行了贸易。此外，这项新发现还挑战了2001年发表的一个研究，该研究认为，维京男人会独自航行，并带回征服新殖民地时的女俘虏。

8.Viking Fortress
8.维京堡垒

In 2014, a team of archaeologists discovered a Viking fortress in the Danish island of Zealand. They believed that the structure dated back to the 10th century. Before the discovery of this specific fortress, three others were unearthed in Denmark: Aggersborg, Trelleborg, and Fyrkat. These structures are collectively known as the "Trelleborg" fortresses.
2014年，一个考古小组在丹麦西兰岛发现了一个维京人的堡垒。他们相信，这个建筑可以追溯到10世纪时。此前丹麦已有三处堡垒出土：Aggersborg, Trelleborg, 和Fyrkat，统称特雷勒堡。
The newly discovered fortress, which is located south of Copenhagen, is quite huge, spanning 165 meters (476 ft) across.
新发现的堡垒在哥本哈根以南，它相当大，横跨165米。
This discovery showed that the Vikings were not only a "fierce band of warriors with cool headgear" but were also decent architects, capable of building magnificent fortresses. In addition, this discovery gave archaeologists the opportunity to better understand Viking conflicts and wars.
这个发现证明了维京人不仅是“驾驶冷酷战船的凶暴战士”，还是优秀的建筑师，能建造壮观的城堡。另外，这个发现还让考古学家有机会一窥维京人的冲突和战争。

7.North America's Second Viking Site
7.北美的第二个维京据点

Known for using satellite technology in her excavations, "space archaeologist" Sarah Parcak, together with her team, discovered a second possible Viking settlement in North America. They arrived at this conclusion after finding the remains of turf walls and an iron-working hearth in Point Rosee in Newfoundland, Canada.
“太空考古学家”莎拉·帕卡克善于借助卫星科技，她的团队发现了北美第二个可能的维京人定居点。他们在加拿大纽芬兰的Rosee角发现了草皮墙和铁炉台的遗迹。
The presence of an iron-working hearth at the site is a strong evidence of a Viking settlement since they used iron nails to build their ships. It also eliminated the possibility of the site belonging to Native Americans or Basque fisherman. In addition, after doing radiocarbon testing, Parcak and her team were able to date the site back to 800 and 1300 AD—the same time the Vikings were at their peak.
这个炉台证明了这个定居点属于维京人，因为他们的船也用了铁钉，而美洲土著和巴斯克渔民则没有这种能力。通过放射性碳定年法，帕卡克团队还确定了该定居点可以追溯到公元800-1300年，正是维京人的鼎盛时期。
This discovery is monumental since it can potentially dethrone Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of the New World.
这个发现有划时代的意义，因为它能颠覆哥伦布“新大陆发现者”的地位。

6.Viking Treasure Trove
6.维京宝藏

In September 2014, metal-detecting enthusiast Derek McLennan discovered one of the biggest Viking treasure troves in Scotland. The trove, which consisted of more than 100 precious artifacts including solid gold jewelry, was unearthed on church land.
2014年9月，金属探测器爱好者德里克·麦克伦南发现了苏格兰最大的维京宝藏之一。这个宝藏位于教堂之下，内有100多件珍贵文物，包括纯金首饰。
Stuart Campbell of Scotland's treasure trove unit considered this discovery historically significant since it could potentially alter the way Scots view "their historic relationship with the Vikings." Contrary to popular belief, the Vikings didn't only carry out raids in Scotland. They also settled and traded in some parts of the country, including the area where the treasure trove was discovered.
苏格兰宝藏部门的斯图尔特·坎贝尔认为这个发现很有历史价值，因为它可能会改变苏格兰人对“他们和维京人的历史关系”的看法。与大众认识相反，维京人除了从苏格兰抢东西，还带来了不少，并定居在一些地方，包括这个宝藏被发现地。