5.National Gallery, England
5.英国伦敦国家美术馆，英国
Situated in Trafalgar Square, London, the National Gallery was founded in 1824. Amongst its collection are 2,300 paintings from the 13th Century to the 20th. Its collection belongs to the public of the United Kingdom and entry is free of charge. Unlike many museums in continental Europe, the gallery was not formed due to nationalising a former royalty owned collection, but rather due to the British government buying an initial 38 paintings for display. Since this purchase, the gallery was shaped by its earliest directors as well as from significant private donations. At one point, the museum was one of the few galleries with all its pieces on display, although this is no longer the case. The gallery has unfortunately seen its fair share of controversy – first regarding its over-zealous approach to restoration, then for misattributing paintings. Recently, it drew heavy criticism after deciding to buy US artist's George Bellow's 'Men of the Docks'. This was seen as a non-European painting in a European style, potentially taking the Gallery in a new artistic direction, and it was lambasted from both sides of the Atlantic. The National Gallery sees more than 5 million visitors each year.
英国伦敦国家美术馆始建于1834年，坐落于伦敦的特拉法加广场。在其众多艺术品中，有2300件13世纪至20世纪的画作。其藏品属于大英国民，对所有人免费开放。与很多欧洲博物馆不同的是，此馆最初并不是通过国家将前朝王宫收为国有而成立的，而是为了展示大不列颠政府购买的38幅画作。自此始，英国伦敦国家美术馆即被设定为个人藏品捐赠所建。此外，它当初还是少数展览所有藏品的博物馆之一。只是“这里的藏品数量庞大，逃脱不了无奈将部分珍贵藏品雪藏的命运。不幸的是，这样一座博物馆也难逃非议:第一点便是它那过度的修缮方法。第二点则是对画作的错误认定。最近，它因购买美国艺术家乔治·贝洛之作《码头上的人》备受争议。这幅被视作欧洲风格的非欧洲画作暗示了博物馆走的新艺术方向，但也招致大西洋两岸的骂声。同上，这里每年都要为至少500万的参观者敞开大门。

4.Tate Modern, England
4.泰特现代美术馆，英国

London's Tate Modern forms part of Britain's Tate group, along with Tate Liverpool, Britain, St Ives and Tate Online. It is Britain's national gallery of international modern art. Its collection is made up of national and international contemporary art dating from 1900 to present day. Tate Modern annually attracts around 5.3 million visitors annually, a number far higher than originally expected. Since 2004, plans have been in place to essentially double the display space available. Estimated to cost £215 million, the project began with an underground expansion, primarily to show live performance art. It has been described by the museum as the world's first gallery dedicated entirely to live art. The Tate Modern is host to an ever changing array of exhibitions by artists including Picasso, Klee and Gilbert & George – a retrospective display which consumed an entire floor of the gallery.
伦敦的泰特现代美术馆与泰特利物浦艺术馆、泰特英国美术馆、泰特圣艾夫斯美术馆及泰特在线美术馆一同隶属于英国泰特集团。它是英国的国家国际现代艺术馆。泰特现代美术馆专门收藏20世纪至今的国内外当代艺术品，每年能够吸引大概530万的旅客前来参观，远超事先预期。自2004年以来，扩大一倍展馆可用面积的方案已经步入实施。据估计此计划耗资2.15亿英镑，项目以地下扩建为开端，目的主要是为了展现行为表演艺术。它被誉为是世界上第一个专注于行为艺术的美术博物馆。泰特现代美术馆展出了一系列风格迥异的大师作品，如毕加索、保罗•克利、吉尔伯特和乔治的代表作，这些作品完全是一场占据了一整层画廊的重大回顾展出。

3.British Museum, England
3.英国国家博物馆，英国

Every year 5.6 million people pass through the doors of the British Museum. Located close to the heart of London in Bloomsbury on its original site, the building covers a massive area of 92,000 m2 (990,000 square feet). Established in 1753, the British Museum was originally largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The institution finally opened to the public on 15 January 1759 and up until 1997 it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building.
每年大约有560万的游客会前来参观英国国家博物馆。该馆原址坐落于伦敦中心附近的布隆斯伯里区，建筑占地规模大至92,000平方米（990,000平方英尺）。英国国家博物馆建立于1753年，该馆藏品大多数出自于身为内科医生、科学家的汉斯·斯隆爵士。1759年1月15日，英国国家博物馆正式对公众开放，直到1997年，古董和史书才从布卢姆斯伯里搬迁到了位于圣潘克拉斯的新馆，这也使得古董收藏馆和新大英图书馆都置于英国国家博物馆。

2.Metropolitan Museum of Art, North America
2.北美大都会博物馆

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City on the eastern edge of Central Park. It is by far the largest art museum in the United States and one of the ten largest in the world covering about 190,000 m2 (2,000,000 square feet) and spread across two locations. The Met was founded in 1870 by a group of American citizens (which included businessmen and financiers as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day) who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It was officially opened on February 20, 1872 and has since moved locations from its original site. This huge museum attracts a staggering 6.1 million visitors annually and has a 'pay as you wish' admission with a recommendation of $25. Don't fret though, it's only a donation and no one will kick you out for not paying.
大都会博物馆坐落在纽约中央公园东部。整个博物馆分为两处，共占地190000平方米(即2000000平方英尺)，是美国最大的博物馆，也是世界上十大博物馆之一。大都会博物馆在1870年由一批美国公民筹建落成。这批公民中有商人、金融家，也有艺术领域的领军人物和当代思想家，他们希望通过开放博物馆给美国人民带来艺术作品和艺术启蒙。从原址搬离后大都会博物馆于1872年2月20日正式开放。这座宏伟的博物馆每年都会迎来610万之多的游客，它承诺“票价随君”，但也给了个25美元的推荐票价。别担心，购买门票实际上就是种捐赠行为，没有人会因为你没付费而把你赶出去。

1.The Louvre, France
1.法国卢浮宫博物馆

A central landmark of Paris, the Louvre is probably the most renowned museum worldwide. No one can pinpoint the exact origin of its name, but the Louvre was originally built as a fortress in the late 12th century and the building has been extended many times to form its present structure. The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings – the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. It has now been extended to include nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century which are all exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet) – one of which of course is the Mona Lisa. The Louvre is the world's most visited museum and sees more than 9.7 million visitors annually.
作为巴黎的地标，位于法国巴黎市中心的卢浮宫大概是世界上最负盛名的博物馆了。没人知道这名字的由来，只知道卢浮宫始建于12世纪，原是法国的王宫，现为艺术博物馆，历经800多年扩建重修达到了今天的规模。1793年8月10日，卢浮宫正式对外开放，首次展出了537幅美术臻品，这些艺术品大多源于皇室，并被教会充为公产。现如今的卢浮宫占地60600平方米(即652300平方英尺)，拥有从史前到现代的收藏达40万件以上。其中展出的收藏品有近35000件，最著名的莫过于《蒙娜丽莎》油画了。卢浮宫是举世瞩目的万宝之宫，每年慕名前来的游客多达970万人次，堪称世界之最。

审校：大洋彼岸的一条鱼 编辑：凯珊 来源：前十网