中英双语话历史 第80期:明朝(前期政治和经济)
日期:2016-02-29 16:42

(单词翻译:单击)

The ownership of the land had certain changes after the peasant uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. The number of owner-peasants had increased.
经过元末农民战争之后,土地占有关系发生了一些变化,自耕农的数量增加了。
On the base of relatively-scattered land, Ming governors in the early years had set up a highly-centralized government and also had carried out certain measures to restore and develop economy.
在土地比较分散的基础上,明初统治者建立一个高度中央集权的政权,井采取了恢复和发展经济的措施。
All of these are embodied in the following points: 1) It strengthened the absolute monarchy and set up the central and local administrations.
主要表现在以下几个方面:君主专制统治的加强,建立中央和地方的统治机构。
In the army, a system of Weisuo was carried out. Ming Taizu set up a special military administration with special tasks to guard the emperor, a guard administration, Jinyiwei. It made the literary inquisition to a large scale, which made a lot of intellectuals suffer terrible man-made accidents. It practiced new school system and examination system to debar peopled thinking. In order to control the peasants and ensure the tax, it made the Huang Ce (the Yellow Book) and the Yulin Ce (the Fishscale Book).
在军队方面,实行卫所制度,明太祖还设立了一个保卫皇帝并从事侦缉活动的军事特务机构——厂卫机构,锦衣卫;大搞文字狱,使许多知识分子无辜罹难;实行新的学校制度和科举制度,禁锢人们的思想;为了控制农民和保证赋役来源,制订了黄册和鱼鱗图册以加强对人民的控制。
2) It moved the capital to Beijing.
迁都北京。
Ming Chengzu continued to strengthen up the centralized government and adopted the policy to abolish the vassal states and forced the dukes in the north to the south and some of them were degraded to commoner status. The national and the military rights were in the hands of the emperor himself.
明成祖继续加强中央集权,采取削藩政策,将北方诸王迁往南方, 有的被废为庶人,国家军政大权又集中于皇帝。
Meanwhile, Ming Chengzu decided to move the capital to Beijing in order to strengthen the Northern frontier.
同时,明成祖为了巩固北方边防,决定迁都北京。
From the year of 1417, it began to build the city of Beijing in a large scale and it was finished in three years.
1417年开始,大规模营建北京城,历时三年始告建成。
In 1421, the Ming government moved its capital officially to Beijing.
1421年,明政府正式迁都北京。
That Ming moved its capital to Beijing had its importance in guarding the trouble from the Northern Mongols and maintaining the integration of the country.
迁都北京对于防御北方蒙古侵扰和维护国家统一有着重要意义。
3) The early policies, restoration and development of economy were made.
明初经济政策与社会经济的恢复和发展。
Diverse measures to restore and develop the economy had been designed, which had changed the highly-centralized phenomenon of the land to a certain degree and improved the identity and social status of the peasants and the craftsmen.
制订了恢复和发展经济的各项措施,一定程度上改变了土地高度集中的现象,改善了农民和手工业者的身份地位。
The development of agriculture and handicrafts promoted the commerce and the city economy. Then the commercial cities appeared and the merchants more movements and the tax had been improved.
农业和手工业的发展,促进了商业和城市经济的紧荣,商业城市兴起,商人活动频 繁,商税收入增加。

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重点单词
  • administrationn. 行政,管理,行政部门
  • restorevt. 恢复,修复,使复原
  • frontiern. 边界,边境,尖端,边缘
  • certainadj. 确定的,必然的,特定的 pron. 某几个,某
  • integrationn. 综合,集成,同化
  • ownershipn. 所有权
  • statusn. 地位,身份,情形,状况
  • restorationn. 恢复,归还,复位
  • controln. 克制,控制,管制,操作装置 vt. 控制,掌管,支
  • identityn. 身份,一致,特征