5.Percy Bysshe Shelley

5.珀西·比西·雪莱

Percy Shelley was a great friend of Lord Byron, but his character was a little different. He was a well-intentioned and idealistic poet who unwittingly left a trail of destruction in his wake. He was the son of a landowner and educated at Eton, where he was known as “Mad Shelley” for his interest in the new science of electricity. He was bullied terribly and developed a hatred of the social system, becoming a passionate supporter of the French Revolution.

雪莱是拜伦的好朋友，但他们的性格有点不同。他是个善良的理想主义诗人，偶尔无意中留下点破坏的痕迹。他是一个地主的儿子，就读于伊顿公学，因为对电力新科学的爱好被人们称为“疯狂的雪莱”。他深深地受害于社会制因此特别仇恨它，后来成了法国大革命热情的支持者。

At Oxford, he wrote a pamphlet entitled “The Necessity of Atheism” that was sold in a bookshop directly opposite his college and led to his expulsion. He became estranged from his father and was forever in need of money. With a growing family and a lurid reputation within England, Shelley left for a peripatetic life in Italy in 1818. He dragged his family and hangers-on from Florence to Pisa, then to Naples, and finally Livorno, where he drowned in 1822.

在牛津，他写了本名为“无神论的必要性”的小册子，并在大学正对面出售。因此学校开除了他。后来他日渐与父亲疏远而且总是缺钱。随着孩子增多，而且雪莱在英格兰的名誉也是骇人听闻，1818年他前往意大利过着居无定所的生活。他拖家带口从佛罗伦萨到比萨，然后到了那不勒斯，最后到了利沃诺，却于1822年在那里溺水生亡。

He called for revolution throughout Britain even when it annoyed those around him and became dangerous, resulting in an attempt on his life by government spies in 1813. He truly believed that literature could change the course of history, and his poetic works abound with figures of Promethean energy that transcend their time and circumstances.

即使惹怒了众人，自己也身处险境，他还是坚持呼吁全英国都发动革命。1813年政府密探甚至不得不去调查他的生活。他深信文学能够改变历史的进程，而他诗歌作品中塑造的有着普罗米修斯精神的人物也可以超越时空的限制。

He also had a habit of attracting young women and then discarding them. At 19, he eloped with the 16-year-old Harriet Westbrook, only to dump her for Mary Godwin while Harriet was pregnant with his child. She later drowned herself in the Serpentine in Hyde Park. Mary Godwin's half-sister also killed herself after falling for Shelley and being rejected by him and his coterie of admirers.

他喜欢吸引少女的芳心，然后抛弃她们。他19岁便与16岁的哈里特·维斯布鲁克私奔，而当哈里特怀着她的孩子的时候他却为了追求玛丽·戈德温抛弃了她。她后来溺死在海德公园的蛇形湖里。玛丽·戈德温同父异母的妹妹也爱上了雪莱，但是遭到他拒绝，随后因没能进入他的粉丝团之后自杀身亡。

4.Alexander Pushkin

4．亚历山大·普希金

Alexander Pushkin was notoriously irascible and sensitive about his honor. It's amazing that he even reached the ripe old age of 37, for in his short life, he was involved in at least 29 duels, the last of which saw him killed. He dueled over slights about his verse, insults directed at his friends, women he was courting, arguments at the dinner table, comments about his appalling manners, and even over the weather.

普希金是出了名的脾气暴躁，对自己的荣誉特别敏感。他能活到37岁简直就是奇迹。他短暂的一生中至少参与了29次决斗，他正是死于最后一次。只要有人轻视了他的诗句，侮辱了他的朋友或他追求的女人，在饭桌上与他争吵，指点了他可怕的举止，甚至是谈论天气意见不和都会收到他的决斗挑战。

In 1822, he fought an army officer after accusing him of cheating at cards. Pushkin calmly stood eating cherries while his opponent took aim, but the man failed to land his target. In a final act of insouciant contempt, Pushkin refused to return fire, an indication that he thought his opponent not even worth the powder and shot. He was a curious mix of volatile testosterone and crippling insecurity.

1822年， 他指责一名军官在打牌时耍诈而和他打了一架。对方拔枪的时候普希金还在悠闲地吃着樱桃，好在没有打中。普希金不屑还击，他漫不经心的态度表明他觉得对手并不值得他动手。他绝对是个暴躁的危险分子。

Pushkin spent his youth in St. Petersburg drinking, gambling, and womanizing while nominally working for the Foreign Ministry. He wrote verses and joined an anti-Czarist organization, for which he was exiled to Odessa in 1820, where he continued to court other men's wives and cause trouble. He was exiled again to his parents' estates for atheism before being freed by the Czar in 1826. Pushkin remained under surveillance by the secret police until he died.

普希金在圣彼得堡度过他的青年时代，名义上是在外交部工作，实际上整天就是酗酒，赌博，玩女人。他写诗，还加入了反沙皇组织，因此1820年被流放到敖德萨，在那他不断追求有夫之妇，四处惹是生非。他在1826年被沙皇释放之前又因为无神论被剥夺了父母遗产的继承权。普希金余生在密探的监视中生活，直到去世。

Pushkin was frequently in debt despite coming from an aristocratic family. One of his ancestors had been an Ethiopian who entered the Imperial service in Russia. Pushkin cultivated a wild, Byronic image and is remembered as the great poet of Russian Romanticism. It may not come as a surprise that his great verse-novel, Eugene Onegin, is structured around a duel and a love triangle.

尽管出身于贵族家庭，普希金常常负债累累。他的一位前辈是曾经为俄罗斯皇家服务的埃塞俄比亚人。普希金是狂野的拜伦式英雄也是俄罗斯浪漫主义伟大诗人。看看他的人生，也难怪他伟大的诗歌小说《尤金·奥涅金》是围绕着决斗和三角恋的故事展开的。

His marriage to 17-year-old Natalya Goncharova proved to be his undoing. The Czar fancied her for himself and humiliated Pushkin by giving him the lowest court position possible to keep him and his wife at court. Other suitors followed, including the French emigre Baron D'Anthes, who married the sister of Natalya just to continue his courtship of her. Pushkin, driven mad by rumors that he was a cuckold, demanded a duel with D'Anthes. In deep snow, Pushkin was killed by the Frenchman's shot.

他与17岁娜塔莉亚·察洛娃的婚姻导致了他的毁灭。因为沙皇自己爱上了这个女孩，为了报复普希金，给他安排了宫廷里最低的职位来羞辱他。随后娜塔莉亚其他的追求者也接踵而来，包括法国男爵德·安特斯，他娶了娜塔莉亚的妹妹实际上是为了和娜塔莉亚再续前缘。普希金被自己戴了绿帽子的传言折磨得要疯了，于是他要求与德·安特斯决斗。在厚厚的积雪中，他死在了这个法国人的枪下。

3.Charles Baudelaire

3.查尔斯·波德莱尔

In the catalog of vices detailed in this list, Charles Baudelaire represents the allure of opium, hashish, and exotic women. As an art critic and aesthetic theorist, he pioneered a view that art was free from the constraints of morality, while also introducing Edgar Allan Poe to the French through his translations.

在此记录罪恶的列单中，波德莱尔代表的是鸦片，大麻和异国风情的女子。作为艺术批评家和美学理论家，他提出了一个新观点，即艺术不受道德的约束。同时他还通过翻译把爱伦·坡的作品引进法国。

As a poet, his collection Les Fleurs du Mal of 1857 embodied his theories on art and introduced themes of death, decay, the grotesque, and the feeling of ennui that comes from urban living. Several of the poems were banned for a century in France, and Baudelaire was tried for offenses against public decency.

作为诗人，他的代表作《恶之花》体现了他的艺术理论，介绍了死亡，衰落，怪诞以及城市生活的倦怠。其中很多作品在法国被列为禁书，而且他本人还因有损社会风化受到过审查。

He led the excessive lifestyle espoused in his verse. He was expelled from school and contracted syphilis from a prostitute by the age of 18, which caused him pain and illness for the rest of his life. He refused his family's plans of a diplomatic career to pursue life as a man of letters, but he was frequently without money after his mother and step-father took control of his funds. They also rejected his Haitian mistress, the woman he called his “Black Venus.”

他生活中就像他诗中描述的一样放荡不羁。18岁时他从妓女那染上了梅毒，他不仅因此被学校开除，还被这病痛折磨了一生。他拒绝了家人给他安排的外交职业，而是坚持要做个文学家。但是他母亲和继父控制了他的资金之后他常常缺钱花。他们还反对被他称为“黑维纳斯”的海地情人。

Spending his time among beggars, prostitutes, and the absinthe-drinkers of Paris, Baudelaire shared their need to escape from urban squalor to an artificial paradise by any means. With his fellow writer Gautier, he was part of a club of hashish users, as well as a heavy drinker and laudanum addict. His mother had to pay off his debts after he died at the age of 46.

波德莱尔与巴黎的乞丐，妓女和酒鬼混在一起，他和他们一样想尽办法逃出城市肮脏的贫民窟前往“人间天堂”。所以他和他的作家朋友戈蒂埃都是大麻俱乐部的一员，同时他们也都是酒鬼，瘾君子。他的母亲在他46岁去世后还不得不为他还债。

2.Algernon Swinburne

2.阿尔杰农·斯文本

Algernon Swinburne was a self-destructive drunkard and had some decidedly odd, perverse interests. He had noble forebears, was educated at Eton and Oxford (and nearly expelled from the latter), and spent time traveling in France and Italy. Much of his life was spent living with the drug-addicted artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti on Cheyne Walk in Chelsea before being forced to retire an invalid with the poet Theodore Watts-Dunton.

阿尔杰农·斯文本是个自毁的酒鬼，他有着一些极其奇怪又堕落的爱好。他的父辈们地位尊贵，他本人也曾就读伊顿公学和牛津大学（差点被开除），遍游法国和意大利。被迫与诗人西奥多·瓦·道顿一起隐退之前，他大部分时间是和吸毒成瘾的艺术家但丁·加百列·罗塞蒂在切尔西市度过。

He was only 160 centimeters (5 ft) tall, suffered fits and tremors, lived on the edge of his nerves, and drank to excess, often until unconsciousness. His work is associated with decadence and regarded these days as overwritten, full of lush alliteration and internal rhymes. Swinburne specialized in exploring and glorifying themes that were shocking to Victorian tastes, some of which seem a little extreme even today. He had a particular taste for flagellation and liked to boast about indulging in bestiality and pederasty. His novel Lesbia Brandon was unpublished until the 1950s, and his 1868 collection Poems and Ballads contained work praising paganism, lesbianism, bisexuality, sadomasochism, cannibalism, and hermaphroditism so graphic that his publisher withdrew it from print.

他只有160厘米（5英尺）高。时而正常，时而疯魔，终日生活在精神崩溃的边缘。他常常还喝得大醉不醒。他的作品多以颓废为主题，而且他批判那个年代人们过多使用头韵和内韵。斯文本专注于探索和宣扬那些在维多利亚时期骇人听闻的主题，有些如今看来都有些极端。他有着独特的重口味，喜欢鞭打虐待，宣扬兽交和鸡奸。他的小说《女同志布兰登》直到20世纪50年代才发表。他1868年的诗歌民谣集因为含有宣扬异教，女同性恋，双性恋，施虐受虐狂，自相残杀，两性畸形等内容遭到了出版商的拒绝。

French writer Guy de Maupassant met Swinburne in 1868 while he was living in Normandy. The first time they had lunch together, Swinburne showed Maupassant his extensive collection of illegal pornography, served monkey for lunch, and showed where his other pet monkey slept with Swinburne's lover. During the meal, Swinburne played with a flayed human hand. When Maupassant returned a few days later, he found Swinburne's lover shooting at a black man in the garden, while the pet monkey had been hanged from a tree. At lunch, he was fed liquor so strong he was nearly knocked out. He made his excuses and fled.

1868年，法国作家莫泊桑在诺曼底见到了斯文本。他们第一次共进午餐时，斯文本便向莫泊桑展示了他收集的大量非法色情文学书刊，还做了猴子给他吃并且告诉他其他的宠物猴子在哪里和他的情人睡过觉。席间，斯文本还一直玩弄一个剥了皮的人手。几天后，当莫泊桑再回来的时候，他看见斯文本的情人正在打一个黑人，而猴子已经吊死在了树上。午餐时，他被灌了太多酒几乎要不省人事，于是他找了个借口赶紧逃走了。

1.Gabriele D'Annunzio

1.加布里埃尔·邓南遮

Finally, we come to fascist crackpot Gabriele D'Annunzio. He was named after an angel but turned out to be a grotesque and sinister individual, having claimed, among other things, to have eaten the flesh of children. As a writer and poet, he was admired by Proust and Joyce. His 48 volumes of work explore the sensuous, brutal, erotic, and just plain bizarre. Needless to say, his works were banned by the Vatican.

最后，我们来说说法西斯疯子加布里埃尔·邓南遮。他起了个天使的名字，实际上却是个极其怪异阴险的人。他甚至声称吃过孩子的肉。作为作家和诗人，他深受普鲁斯特和乔伊斯的喜爱。他在48卷作品中探讨了各种感性，残酷，色情或单纯的奇谈。不用说，他的作品在梵蒂冈是被禁止的。

He found academic work easy—he could write to his parents in six languages by the age of 16, but he also developed a contemptuous eye for the rest of the human race. Influenced by Nietzsche, he viewed himself as a superman above the common herd.

他觉得学术工作很简单——他16岁就可以用六种语言给父母写信。他是天才，因此他鄙视其他所有平凡的人类。受尼采的影响，他觉得自己是超凡脱俗的超人。邓南遮1897年开始从政，1910年负债逃往法国，并且成为一名战斗机飞行员参加了第一次世界大战。在此期间，他以其民族主义和原法西斯主义观点备受瞩目。他认为意大利想要赢得国际社会的尊重就就应该牺牲一些年轻的生命。他的夸张修辞，种族观点，露台演讲以及利用黑衣人攻击反对者的做法对墨索里尼产生了极大的影响。他后来送给邓南遮很多礼物，包括一架飞机和装饰花园的一部分战舰。

D'Annunzio entered politics in 1897, fled to France over debts in 1910, and became a fighter pilot during World War I. In this period, he became prominent for his nationalist and proto-fascist views. He believed it was necessary for Italy to win international respect by sacrificing the lives of its young in battle. His overblown rhetoric, racial views, balcony addresses, and use of black-shirted supporters to attack opponents were a big influence on Mussolini, who later sent D'Annunzio gifts including a plane and part of a battleship for his garden. His maddest venture came in 1919, when he and his supporters established their own city-state at Fiume after the Paris Peace Conference had given it to Croatia. D'Annunzio ran the city with a bizarre mixture of fascism and aestheticism. He instigated racially exclusive policies and a leadership cult while simultaneously including music as a fundamental part of the constitution and having the flowers around his bed changed thrice daily.

1919年，邓南遮做了最疯狂的事情。在巴黎和会把阜姆划给克罗地亚之后，他和他的支持者一起在那建立了自己的城邦。他奇妙的结合法西斯主义和唯美主义来统治这座城市。他鼓吹种族独立政策和领袖个人崇拜。同时，音乐要作为国家的根本组成部分，还有他床前摆放的花一天要更换三次。

He was notably priapic, but he treated his conquests with disdain. He went through wives, actresses, and courtesans, and he expected sex with his housekeeper three times a day. It was rumored that he had ribs removed so that he could fellate himself. His final lover turned out to be a Nazi agent, who possibly killed him with poison.

他是出了名的沾花惹草，纵欲无度，但凡是他征服了的人便不屑一顾。他身边不断地换着各种情人——少妇，演员，妓女，他甚至每天要和管家上三次床。传闻说他还抽掉了一根肋骨，以便能为自己口交。谁知道最后一个情人竟是个纳粹间谍，可能就是她毒死了邓南遮。

注：本文转载自前十网，译者潘洪倩