(单词翻译:单击)
名著阅读 'Shocking circumstances occur, Towlinson,' says Miss Tox.
'Very much so indeed, Miss,' rejoins Towlinson.
'I hope, Towlinson,' says Miss Tox, who, in her instruction of the Toodle family, has acquired an admonitorial tone, and a habit of improving passing occasions, 'that what has happened here, will be a warning to you, Towlinson.'
'Thank you, Miss, I'm sure,' says Towlinson.
He appears to be falling into a consideration of the manner in which this warning ought to operate in his particular case, when the vinegary Mrs Pipchin, suddenly stirring him up with a 'What are you doing? Why don't you show the lady to the door?' he ushers Miss Tox forth. As she passes Mr Dombey's room, she shrinks into the inmost depths of the black bonnet, and walks, on tip-toe; and there is not another atom in the world which haunts him so, that feels such sorrow and solicitude about him, as Miss Tox takes out under the black bonnet into the street, and tries to carry home shadowed it from the newly-lighted lamps
But Miss Tox is not a part of Mr Dombey's world. She comes back every evening at dusk; adding clogs and an umbrella to the bonnet on wet nights; and bears the grins of Towlinson, and the huffs and rebuffs of Mrs Pipchin, and all to ask how he does, and how he bears his misfortune: but she has nothing to do with Mr Dombey's world. Exacting and harassing as ever, it goes on without her; and she, a by no means bright or particular star, moves in her little orbit in the corner of another system, and knows it quite well, and comes, and cries, and goes away, and is satisfied. Verily Miss Tox is easier of satisfaction than the world that troubles Mr Dombey so much!
At the Counting House, the clerks discuss the great disaster in all its lights and shades, but chiefly wonder who will get Mr Carker's place. They are generally of opinion that it will be shorn of some of its emoluments, and made uncomfortable by newly-devised checks and restrictions; and those who are beyond all hope of it are quite sure they would rather not have it, and don't at all envy the person for whom it may prove to be reserved. Nothing like the prevailing sensation has existed in the Counting House since Mr Dombey's little son died; but all such excitements there take a social, not to say a jovial turn, and lead to the cultivation of good fellowship. A reconciliation is established on this propitious occasion between the acknowledged wit of the Counting House and an aspiring rival, with whom he has been at deadly feud for months; and a little dinner being proposed, in commemoration of their happily restored amity, takes place at a neighbouring tavern; the wit in the chair; the rival acting as Vice-President. The orations following the removal of the cloth are opened by the Chair, who says, Gentlemen, he can't disguise from himself that this is not a time for private dissensions. Recent occurrences to which he need not more particularly allude, but which have not been altogether without notice in some Sunday Papers,' and in a daily paper which he need not name (here every other member of the company names it in an audible murmur), have caused him to reflect; and he feels that for him and Robinson to have any personal differences at such a moment, would be for ever to deny that good feeling in the general cause, for which he has reason to think and hope that the gentlemen in Dombey's House have always been distinguished. Robinson replies to this like a man and a brother; and one gentleman who has been in the office three years, under continual notice to quit on account of lapses in his arithmetic, appears in a perfectly new light, suddenly bursting out with a thrilling speech, in which he says, May their
respected chief never again know the desolation which has fallen on his hearth! and says a great variety of things, beginning with 'May he never again,' which are received with thunders of applause. In short, a most delightful evening is passed, only interrupted by a difference between two juniors, who, quarrelling about the probable amount of Mr Carker's late receipts per annum, defy each other with decanters, and are taken out greatly excited. Soda water is in general request at the office next day, and most of the party deem the bill an imposition.
As to Perch, the messenger, he is in a fair way of being ruined for life. He finds himself again constantly in bars of public-houses, being treated and lying dreadfully. It appears that he met everybody concerned in the late transaction, everywhere, and said to them, 'Sir,' or 'Madam,' as the case was, 'why do you look so pale?' at which each shuddered from head to foot, and said, 'Oh, Perch!' and ran away. Either the consciousness of these enormities, or the reaction consequent on liquor, reduces Mr Perch to an extreme state of low spirits at that hour of the evening when he usually seeks consolation in the society of Mrs Perch at Balls Pond; and Mrs Perch frets a good deal, for she fears his confidence in woman is shaken now, and that he half expects on coming home at night to find her gone off with some Viscount - 'which,' as she observes to an intimate female friend, 'is what these wretches in the form of woman have to answer for, Mrs P. It ain't the harm they do themselves so much as what they reflect up on us, Ma'am; and I see it in Perch's eye.
Mr Dombey's servants are becoming, at the same time, quite dissipated, and unfit for other service. They have hot suppers every night, and 'talk it over' with smoking drinks upon the board. Mr Towlinson is always maudlin after half-past ten, and frequently begs to know whether he didn't say that no good would ever come of living in a corner house? They whisper about Miss Florence, and wonder where she is; but agree that if Mr Dombey don't know, Mrs Dombey does. This brings them to the latter, of whom Cook says, She had a stately way though, hadn't she? But she was too high! They all agree that she was too high, and Mr Towlinson's old flame, the housemaid (who is very virtuous), entreats that you will never talk to her any more about people who hold their heads up, as if the ground wasn't good enough for 'em.
Everything that is said and done about it, except by Mr Dombey, is done in chorus. Mr Dombey and the world are alone together.
“这里发生惊人的大事了,托林森,”托克斯小姐说道。
“确实是这样,小姐,”托林森回答道。
“我希望,托林森,”托克斯小姐说道;她在教图德尔孩子们学习时已习惯于用劝告的语气说话和从已发生的事情中吸取教训,”这里发生的事情对您是个警告,托林森。”
“谢谢您,小姐,”托林森说道。
当他好像正在沉思这种警告将以一种什么方式对他起作用的时候,性情乖戾的皮普钦太太突然把他唤醒,喊道,”你在干什么?你为什么不把这位女士送出去?”于是他就把托克斯小姐领到门外。当她走过董贝先生的房间时,她缩着身子,竭力想躲藏在黑帽子的阴影之中,并踮着脚尖走路;当她戴着黑帽子走进街道的时候,街灯刚点亮不久,她就设法在自身影子的遮掩下走回家去。这时候,世界上没有别的人这样经常出没在他的左右,这样为他牵肠挂肚,操心费神的。
可是托克斯小姐不是董贝先生的上流社会的一部分。每天晚上天黑的时候她回到这里来;每逢下雨天,她除了戴那顶黑帽子外,还多穿一双木底鞋,多拿一柄雨伞。她忍受着托林森的咧着嘴笑和皮普钦太太的发怒与申斥,这一切都仅仅是为了想了解:他是怎样生活的和他怎样忍受他的不幸的;可是她跟董贝先生的上流社会没有任何关系。董贝先生的上流社会像以往一样难以取悦,像以往一样烦扰着人们,它没有她继续存在下去;而她呢,一颗远不是明亮、也不是出色的星星,在另一个星系的角落里她的小小的轨道上运行着;她对这一点了解得很清楚,来了,哭了,走了,感到满足了。说实在的,托克斯小姐要比使董贝先生感到十分苦恼不安的上流社会容易得到满足。
在营业所里,职员们从各个不同的角度和侧面讨论了这桩重大的不幸事件,但主要是捉摸不清究竟谁将来接替卡克先生的职位。普遍的看法是:这个职位的薪金将会削减;而且由于实行新的检查与限制办法,这个职位将不大好当;那些毫无希望得到这个职位的人们肯定地说,他们完全不想取得它,也根本不嫉妒那位将被任命担任这个职务的人。从董贝先生的小儿子死去以后,在营业所里还没有发生过这样轰动一时的事情。不过所有这些激动的情绪不说是使大家变得快活了,但也使大家变得爱好交际了,而且增进了同事之间的交情。营业所中一位公认为最富有机智的人和他的抱负不凡的敌手在过去好几个月中彼此一直怀有不共戴天的仇恨,但在目前这吉利的时刻,两人实现了和解。同事们为了庆祝他们可喜地恢复亲睦友好,在附近的小酒店里举行了一个小小的宴会,那位富有机智的人担任宴会的主席,他的敌手担任副主席;当桌布撤走以后,主席开始演说;他说,先生们,他不能对自己掩饰真情,现在不是个私人意见不和的时代;最近发生的事件,他不需要详细提到它,可是有些星期天出版的报纸和一份他不必指名的日报(这时候在座的其他人都用听得见的低语说出这张日报的名称)并不是根本没有注意它;他觉得,在这样的时刻,他与鲁宾逊私人间的不和将无异于否认他们对他们共同事业所具有的良好的感情,而他有理由认为并希望,董贝公司所有的先生们都是以这种良好的感情而著称的。鲁宾逊以丈夫气概和兄弟情谊回答了这些话。
有一位在公司里工作了三年、由于发生计算错误经常受到解职警告的先生,以一种完全新的姿态出现在大家面前,他突然发表了动人的演说,说但愿他们可敬的老板在他的家庭中永远也不再发生可怕的不幸了!还说了其他许多话,每句话都是以”但愿他永远不再”开头的,他的演说受到了大家雷鸣般的热烈鼓掌。总之,他们度过了一个极为愉快的晚上,只不过有两位低级的职员因为对卡克先生最近每年可能的收入意见不一致,发生了争吵,两人拿着圆酒瓶相互威胁,十分激烈,后来被大家拉出去了。第二天大家在办公室里都需要喝苏打水,参加宴会的大多数人都认为餐费帐单是敲竹杠。
说到信差珀奇,他可真有被彻底毁灭的危险。他又经常出现在酒吧,受到款待,并无边无际地说着弥天大谎。好像他到处都遇见最近事件中有关的人,他问他们:”先生(或夫人),为什么您的脸色这样苍白?”被问到的每个人都从头到脚颤抖着,说了声,”啊,珀奇!”就跑开了。珀奇先生晚上通常在鲍尔斯池塘与珀奇太太在一起寻求安慰,这时候,也许是对他卑劣的谎言感到后悔,也许是喝酒后的反应,他的情绪低沉到了极点;珀奇太太则十分烦恼,因为她害怕他现在对女人的信任动摇了;他夜间回家的时候,几乎多半准备着发现她跟某个子爵私奔了。
这时候,董贝先生的仆人们变得十分吊儿郎当,几乎干什么事情都不合适。他们每天晚上都吃热乎乎的晚餐,一面喝着冒气的酒,一面高谈阔论。托林森先生过了10点半总是喝得醉醺醺的,感伤落泪,时常请别人回答他,他是不是说过,住在坐落在拐角的房屋里是不会有什么好处的?他们交头接耳地谈论着弗洛伦斯小姐,不知道她现在在哪里,但是大家一致认为,如果董贝先生不知道的话,董贝夫人是一定知道的。这样又使他们谈论到后一位,厨娘说,她的举止毕竟还是庄严高贵的,是不是?但是她太趾高气扬了!他们一致同意,她太趾高气扬了。托林森以前的情人女仆(她是很有德行的)请求大家永远也别对她谈起那些高昂着脑袋的人们,仿佛土地对她们来说都还不够好似的。
除了董贝先生以外,大家在这个问题上所说的和所做的,全都协调一致。董贝先生独自面对着社会。
背景阅读
本书简介:
《董贝父子》是狄更斯最重要的作品之一,发表于1848年。小说描写了董贝父子公司的盛衰史。董贝是个贪得无厌的大资本家,妻子儿女都成了他追逐利润的工具和摆设。公司经理卡克尔是个奸诈小人,骗取了董贝的信任后又一手造成了他的破产。在现实的教训中,董贝的思想发生了转变。最后,虽然他已无法重整家业,却成全了真正的家庭幸福。
豆瓣热评:永恒的大团圆结局
来自: 阿壳
在读托尔金,C.S.刘易斯和狄更斯的小说前,我很少思想关于大团圆结局的事。而这三位作家是毫不掩饰自己热爱大团圆结局的,他们都是英国人。我不知道英国文学里是否有这一种传承,我读的很少;不过我相信,在信仰上他们确实是一脉相承。刘易斯的《纳尼亚传奇》和《裸颜》是基督教寓言小说,当他有更多更清晰直白的见解时,他就放下寓言,转而将它们变为论述或演讲。托尔金不太赞成他的好朋友那样赤裸裸地谈论信仰,他自己的魔戒系列和精灵宝钻是另一种类型的寓言体,不过依然深深渗透了基督教思想——只要把它们放在圣经面前,就会很容易识别出托尔金的信念是从哪里寻得依傍。他极其喜爱公式化的“从此以后他过着幸福的生活”,狄更斯也一样,甚至有过之而无不及。
在我所读过的《雾都孤儿》、《大卫?科波菲尔》、《圣诞颂歌》和《董贝父子》中,狄更斯不管形势有多严峻,某些人能过上幸福生活的可能性是多么微小——依然坚持到结尾时把他们全部聚拢在一起,使他们苦尽甘来,平平安安,欢欢乐乐,相亲相爱,永不分离。有时候我不由猜想,他是不是想要实现某种人间天国,但很快便打消了这念头。不如说大团圆在他笔下之所以成为可能、那样牢固,正是由他对这个世界以外有天国怀有真切的盼望。他随时描写那看不见的天国,随时使他的故事与人物浸透在那种光芒中。我没见过比他更天真的作家,天真到令人感动的地步,就像他钟爱自己笔下各种各样的“憨人”,不惜亲自出马保护他们,尽管他们傻气,不谙世事,偶尔会因自己的轻信挨近危险边缘——但他们绝不会有真正的危险,真正危险的是那种因聪明而自负的人。狄更斯以他叫人眼花缭乱的幽默手法描写这些傻乎乎的人,用上他最亲切的笔墨,仿佛是在叫喊:在这样的世界里做一个天真的人是可以的!你信上帝吗?上帝保佑你!——这句话的意思其实是“在人这是不能的,在神凡事都能。”(马太福音19:26)从同一个思路出发,因此他也毫不为自己的故事有一个美好结局而感到羞赧或犹疑。
我从娱乐作品中见过同样被称作“团圆”的结局,但它们不是同一种,和狄更斯的作品比起来,那不是真团圆。香港晚间黄金时段的电视剧几乎都有譬如真相大白,破镜重圆,有情人终成眷属,好有好报坏有坏报等等情节,也时常可见“从此以后他们过上幸福的生活”。类似的结尾也出现在给小学生改写的童话里。一本叫《屠猫记?法国文化史钩沉》的书谈到,《小红帽》的最初版本是极其血腥的,在几个世纪间,类似的民间传说大多是为了告诫年轻人这个世界的残酷,要想活下去(甚至不是为了能活得多么好)你就得留神。因此,真团圆首先要面对的问题是在一个残酷世界中得到幸福怎么可能。这其实是个严肃的问题,通常电视剧不负有探讨的责任,言情小说也没有,改写的童话同样不予理会。于是我们不得不遭遇断裂:小时候事情是一个版本,等到我们长大后——它们就无情地改变了。
真团圆必须得迎难而上,否则它就不过是娱乐,演和看的人同样不信。狄更斯信,而且似乎不需要论证。和他相比,雨果不但是个雄辩家,而且简直是个没多大信心的人,他在自己的小说里长篇累牍地辩论,甚至给我一种印象,如果他在每一章的开头不把事情为什么可以那样进行说清楚,事情就真的没法儿那样进行了。而且,即便它如期进行,却充满了暴力的痕迹。就像雨果本人对法国大革命十分推崇,认为人类要想有大团圆结局便无法绕道。他把暴力写得那样激昂,那样美。和他比起来狄更斯真是毫不进取,缺乏光荣,也一点都不浪漫。他只是温和却严肃地看着自己笔下的人物,也看着他的读者,仿佛是说:你应当舍己去爱。为什么?——你信上帝吗?愿上帝保佑你!
不过,即使对狄更斯而言,真团圆的难题也是不容易解决的,因为疑虑多半来自生活中确实没有那么多的幸福美满——果真如此吗?我想起那几本书的结尾,是否有人死亡或奄奄一息呢,是的,有,有两种情况。一种是误入歧途的人,无论他们之前多么坏,此时潘然悔悟,迎接他们的是“当一个忏悔的罪人夹在九十九个正直人中间进入天堂时,天使们的脸上可能出现的就是这种狂喜的神情”。他们离开这个绊倒人和叫人悲伤的世界,去往那真正使人安息的国度。这种结局,是从福音书耶稣基督的口里得来的。另一种情况是悲剧。作恶的人直到最后都不承认自己做了可怕的事,伤害了爱他的人和无辜的人,心里没有半点怜悯和恻隐,而只有无尽的骄傲、欲望和唯我独尊的念头——狄更斯描写这种人也是不遗余力。于是,最后他们被从“好人”中放逐出去,就像狼被从羊群中赶走,免得羊群的苦楚没有尽头。在《董贝父子》里,唯一的悲剧是那个人掉到火车的铁轨中央,狂乱中被火车撞死。然而,最可怕还不在于这种死,而是狄更斯相信有另一种永恒的死如同有永恒的活一样,两者同样出自福音书。狄更斯是节制的。小说里有不少糟糕的人物,只有这一个被“处以死刑”,不是由于他罪孽深重,而是由于他不肯回转。那个人心里有那么多肮脏的欲望和自私自利的念头,几乎等于是自己跳入到死亡之中。
狄更斯坦然书写这两种结局,对他来说那是确切无疑的,他就是那样相信的。通过他的故事,我对真团圆多了一层领悟。原来,疾病不能伤害真团圆,死也不能;贫穷和破产不能伤害真团圆,爱能填补它的空缺,它却不能填补爱的空缺;辛劳、付出得不到回报、爱一个人却眼看她与别人成婚、忍耐、默默承担,以及盼望非常遥远的事情——这一切都不能伤害真团圆,而这一切,不正是我们平常所害怕、以为一旦挨着就再也无能过上幸福生活的东西吗?那么狄更斯以为真团圆是什么呢?
“她念那永恒的书,那是给世上所有疲累的、心情沉重的人,和所有可怜的、堕落的、被忽视的人的书。她念那神圣的历史。失明的、跛腿的、瘫痪的乞丐、罪犯、蒙受耻辱的女人,我们所有正人君子避开的人,都在这历史中占一个部分。在这个世界继续存在的所有纪元里,没有任何人类的骄傲、冷淡或者诡辩能把这个部分除掉,或者减少千分之一格令。她念上帝的恩典,祂对整个人生,从出生到死亡,从婴儿到老年的一切希望和不幸都怀有亲切的同情,对人生中每一个场景、每一个阶段、每一个痛苦和悲哀,都很关心。”以及——
“海浪里的声音总是以它们那不停的喃喃声向弗洛伦斯悄悄谈论爱。那爱是永恒的,无限的,并不被今世和末日所局限,而是扩展开去,越过大海,越过天空,一直到远处那个看不见的地方!”(引自《董贝父子》)
于是,狄更斯在他的故事的结尾,把所有曾经痛苦、误入歧途和懊悔的人聚集在一起,使他们最远不会离开彼此一条街。我曾经疑惑,为什么这些人总是会相聚、相识,相爱,在现实生活中这可能吗?然而,是可能的!因为他们最后总会成为某种相像的人,总是随时乐于给予而将自己的益处置之度外。经过种种磨难后,他们终于在一起,因为信仰,盼望和爱而联合了。这就是作者所相信的大团圆,它们是如此沉甸甸,因为不是不付出代价的。如果疾病,患难,贫穷,痛苦,伤害——这个残酷世界所具有的一切武器——都不能使他们仇恨彼此,不信上帝的恩慈,那么还有什么能阻挡他们,使他们无法过上幸福美满的生活呢?
于是这永恒的大团圆结局仿佛是在说:选择过幸福的生活吧,亲爱的朋友!愿上帝祝福你!