名著阅读 There was an empty room above-stairs at the wooden Midshipman's, which, in days of yore, had been Walter's bedroom. Walter, rousing up the Captain betimes in the morning, proposed that they should carry thither such furniture out of the little parlour as would grace it best, so that Florence might take possession of it when she rose. As nothing could be more agreeable to Captain Cuttle than making himself very red and short of breath in such a cause, he turned to (as he himself said) with a will; and, in a couple of hours, this garret was transformed into a species of land-cabin, adorned with all the choicest moveables out of the parlour, inclusive even of the Tartar frigate, which the Captain hung up over the chimney-piece with such extreme delight, that he could do nothing for half-an-hour afterwards but walk backward from it, lost in admiration.
The Captain could be indueed by no persuasion of Walter's to wind up the big watch, or to take back the canister, or to touch the sugar-tongs and teaspoons. 'No, no, my lad;' was the Captain's invariable reply to any solicitation of the kind, 'I've made that there little property over, jintly.' These words he repeated with great unction and gravity, evidently believing that they had the virtue of an Act of Parliament, and that unless he committed himself by some new admission of ownership, no flaw could be found in such a form of conveyance.
It was an advantage of the new arrangement, that besides the greater seclusion it afforded Florence, it admitted of the Midshipman being restored to his usual post of observation, and also of the shop shutters being taken down. The latter ceremony, however little importance the unconscious Captain attached to it, was not wholly superfluous; for, on the previous day, so much excitement had been occasioned in the neighbourhood, by the shutters remaining unopened, that the Instrument-maker's house had been honoured with an unusual share of public observation, and had been intently stared at from the opposite side of the way, by groups of hungry gazers, at any time between sunrise and sunset. The idlers and vagabonds had been particularly interested in the Captain's fate; constantly grovelling in the mud to apply their eyes to the cellar-grating, under the shop-window, and delighting their imaginations with the fancy that they could see a piece of his coat as he hung in a corner; though this settlement of him was stoutly disputed by an opposite faction, who were of opinion that he lay murdered with a hammer, on the stairs. It was not without exciting some discontent, therefore, that the subject of these rumours was seen early in the morning standing at his shop-door as hale and hearty as if nothing had happened; and the beadle of that quarter, a man of an ambitious character, who had expected to have the distinction of being present at the breaking open of the door, and of giving evidence in full uniform before the coroner, went so far as to say to an opposite neighbour, that the chap in the glazed hat had better not try it on there - without more particularly mentioning what - and further, that he, the beadle, would keep his eye upon him.
'Captain Cuttle,' said Walter, musing, when they stood resting from their labours at the shop-door, looking down the old familiar street; it being still early in the morning; 'nothing at all of Uncle Sol, in all that time!'
'Nothing at all, my lad,' replied the Captain, shaking his head.
'Gone in search of me, dear, kind old man,' said Walter: 'yet never write to you! But why not? He says, in effect, in this packet that you gave me,' taking the paper from his pocket, which had been opened in the presence of the enlightened Bunsby, 'that if you never hear from him before opening it, you may believe him dead. Heaven forbid! But you would have heard of him, even if he were dead! Someone would have written, surely, by his desire, if he could not; and have said, "on such a day, there died in my house," or "under my care," or so forth, "Mr Solomon Gills of London, who left this last remembrance and this last request to you".'
The Captain, who had never climbed to such a clear height of probability before, was greatly impressed by the wide prospect it opened, and answered, with a thoughtful shake of his head, 'Well said, my lad; wery well said.'
'I have been thinking of this, or, at least,' said Walter, colouring, 'I have been thinking of one thing and another, all through a sleepless night, and I cannot believe, Captain Cuttle, but that my Uncle Sol (Lord bless him!) is alive, and will return. I don't so much wonder at his going away, because, leaving out of consideration that spice of the marvellous which was always in his character, and his great affection for me, before which every other consideration of his life became nothing, as no one ought to know so well as I who had the best of fathers in him,' - Walter's voice was indistinct and husky here, and he looked away, along the street, - 'leaving that out of consideration, I say, I have often read and heard of people who, having some near and dear relative, who was supposed to be shipwrecked at sea, have gone down to live on that part of the sea-shore where any tidings of the missing ship might be expected to arrive, though only an hour or two sooner than elsewhere, or have even gone upon her track to the place whither she was bound, as if their going would create intelligence. I think I should do such a thing myself, as soon as another, or sooner than many, perhaps. But why my Uncle shouldn't write to you, when he so clearly intended to do so, or how he should die abroad, and you not know it through some other hand, I cannot make out.'
Captain Cuttle observed, with a shake of his head, that Jack Bunsby himself hadn't made it out, and that he was a man as could give a pretty taut opinion too.
'If my Uncle had been a heedless young man, likely to be entrapped by jovial company to some drinking-place, where he was to be got rid of for the sake of what money he might have about him,' said Walter; 'or if he had been a reckless sailor, going ashore with two or three months' pay in his pocket, I could understand his disappearing, and leaving no trace behind. But, being what he was - and is, I hope - I can't believe it.'
'Wal'r, my lad,' inquired the Captain, wistfully eyeing him as he pondered and pondered, 'what do you make of it, then?'
'Captain Cuttle,' returned Walter, 'I don't know what to make of it. I suppose he never has written! There is no doubt about that?'
'If so be as Sol Gills wrote, my lad,' replied the Captain, argumentatively, 'where's his dispatch?'
'Say that he entrusted it to some private hand,' suggested Walter, 'and that it has been forgotten, or carelessly thrown aside, or lost. Even that is more probable to me, than the other event. In short, I not only cannot bear to contemplate that other event, Captain Cuttle, but I can't, and won't.' 'Hope, you see, Wal'r,' said the Captain, sagely, 'Hope. It's that as animates you. Hope is a buoy, for which you overhaul your Little Warbler, sentimental diwision, but Lord, my lad, like any other buoy, it only floats; it can't be steered nowhere. Along with the figure-head of Hope,' said the Captain, 'there's a anchor; but what's the good of my having a anchor, if I can't find no bottom to let it go in?'
Captain Cuttle said this rather in his character of a sagacious citizen and householder, bound to impart a morsel from his stores of wisdom to an inexperienced youth, than in his own proper person. Indeed, his face was quite luminous as he spoke, with new hope, caught from Walter; and he appropriately concluded by slapping him on the back; and saying, with enthusiasm, 'Hooroar, my lad! Indiwidually, I'm o' your opinion.' Walter, with his cheerful laugh, returned the salutation, and said:
'Only one word more about my Uncle at present' Captain Cuttle. I suppose it is impossible that he can have written in the ordinary course - by mail packet, or ship letter, you understand - '
'Ay, ay, my lad,' said the Captain approvingly.
And that you have missed the letter, anyhow?'

在木制海军军官候补生家中的顶楼里有一个空房间，过去是沃尔特的卧室。沃尔特一清早唤醒船长之后，建议把最好的家具从小客厅搬到那里去，把房间装饰得尽量漂亮一些，使弗洛伦斯起床以后就可以搬进去住。卡特尔船长搬得脸孔通红，气喘吁吁，但他觉得没有什么比这更使他愉快的了；用他自己的话来说，他是心甘情愿这样做的；两三个小时以后，这个顶楼就被改造成一个陆地上的船舱，用小客厅里最精美的物品装饰着；其中甚至包括那幅鞑靼人的快速帆船的画，船长把它挂在壁炉架上方，高兴极了；他离开它向后倒退，出神地赞赏它，在这之后的半个钟头内，其他什么事也干不了。
沃尔特不论怎么劝说，也不能使船长去把他的大表的发条拧紧，取回茶叶罐或动一动方糖箝子和茶匙。”不，不，我的孩子，”船长对这类恳求总是始终不变地回答道，”这份小小的财产我已转交给你们共同使用了。”他热心地、认真地重复着这些话，显然他相信它们具有议会法令一样的效力；除非他自己重新承认他享有所有权，否则这种转让财产的形式是找不出什么毛病来的。
这种新的安排有一个好处，就是除了使弗洛伦斯可以居住到更为隐僻的地方外，还可以把海军军官候补生重新安置到他经常的观察岗哨上去，而且店铺里的护窗板也可以拆下来了。心中毫无猜疑的船长对后一个措施不论多么不重视，但它决不是完全多余的，因为前一天护窗板一直关闭着，这在邻近的居民中引起了很大的哄动；仪器制造商的住宅荣幸地受到了公众异乎寻常的注意；从日出到日落，时时都有几群爱看热闹的人聚集在道路对面，密切注视着它。那些游手好闲的人和无赖们对船长的命运特别感兴趣，他们不时地趴在泥地上，通过店铺窗子下面地窖的格栅往里面探望，高兴地想象着船长在一个角落里上吊死了，他们可以看到他的外衣的一部分，可是另一伙人竭力反对对他的下落持这种看法，他们认为他被人用锤子暗杀了，现正躺在楼梯上。因此，当他们看到这些谣传的对象一清早站在店铺门口，身体十分硬朗，仿佛什么事情也没有发生过的一样，他们不免感到有些失望；这个区域的教区事务员是一位有野心的人，原先曾希望在把门强行砸开的时候他能光荣地在场，并穿上全套礼服到验尸官前去作证，这时竟然对对面的邻居说，这位戴着上了光的帽子的家伙最好别开这样的玩笑--他没有具体说明是什么玩笑--，还说他（教区事务员）要监视他。
“卡特尔船长，”当他们劳动之后，站在店铺门口休息，眺望着熟悉的老街道的时候，沃尔特沉思地说道，”这些时候一直来就没有听到所尔舅舅的一点音讯吗？”
“一点音讯也没有，我的孩子，”船长摇摇头，回答道。
“亲爱的、仁慈的老人出去寻找我，”沃尔特说道，”然而却没有给您写过一封信！可是为什么没有写呢？实际上，在您交给我的这个包裹里的信中，”他从衣袋中掏出那页当着聪明的邦斯贝的面拆开的信，”他说，如果当您打开它的时候，您听不到他的丝毫音讯的话，那么您可以相信他已死了。但愿上帝阻止这样的事情！但是即使他?确?实已经死了的话，那么您也是会?听?到他的音讯的！如果他自己不能写的话，那么也一定会有人按照他的愿望写信通知您：‘他已在某月某日死在我家里，’或‘他在我的照料下死去’，等等，‘伦敦人所罗门?吉尔斯先生要求向您转达他这个最后的问候和这个最后的请求’。”
船长以前从来没有攀登上这样开阔的可能性的高峰，现在对展现在他面前的宽广的前景产生了深刻的印象；他若有所思地摇着头，回答道，”说得好，我的孩子，说得很好。”
“在这难以入睡的夜里，我一直在想着这件事情；不过，”沃尔特红着脸，说道，”我也还想到其他一些事情；我不能不相信，卡特尔船长，我的所尔舅舅（愿上帝保佑他！）还活着；他将会回来。他的出走我并不感到很奇怪，因为，别提经常成为他性格特点的那种不可思议的东西，也别提他对我深厚的感情--在这种深厚的感情前面，他对他生命的其他考虑都是不值一顾的；要知道，我从他那里受到了世界上最好的父亲才会给予的关怀；没有任何人能比我对这一点了解得更清楚的了。”--这时沃尔特的干哑了，听不清了，他把眼睛转开，沿着街道望过去，”这一切都不去提了；我是说，我时常从书本中读到和听人说过，有些人有个什么亲近的亲爱的亲属可能在海上遭遇到船只失事，他们就迁居到海边的那些地方去，以便能早听到遇难船的消息，哪怕早听一、两个小时也好；他们或者甚至沿着航线走去，直到那条船的目的地为止，仿佛他们的旅行会产生出消息来似的。我想，我自己也会做这种事情，做得比别人一样快，也许比许多人还快一些。我的舅舅显然打算这样去做，可是这时候他为什么没有写信给您呢？再说，他怎么能在外面死去，而您却没有从别的什么人那里了解到这一点呢--我实在不明白！”
卡特尔船长摇摇头说，杰克?邦斯贝是一位能说出绝妙意见来的人，可是连他也不明白这一点。
“如果我的舅舅是一位粗心大意的年轻人的话，那么他的那些快活的朋友可能会把他诱骗到一个什么酒店里，把他收拾掉，以便抢占他身上的钱财；”沃尔特说道，”或者如果他是个冒冒失失的海员，口袋里装着两、三个月的工资，跑上岸去，那么我能明白他为什么销声匿迹的原因。可是他过去是那样的一个人--我希望，他现在也仍然是那样的一个人--，我就不能相信他会这样毫无音讯地死去。”
“沃尔，我的孩子，”船长在思索着、思索着的时候、愁闷地凝视着他，问道，”那么你是怎样解释这件事的呢？”
“卡特尔船长，”沃尔特回答道，”我不知道怎样解释这件事。我假定，他从来没有给您写过信！这没有什么可以怀疑的吧？”
“如果所尔?吉尔斯写过的话，我的孩子，”船长争辩地回答道，”那么他的信在哪里呢？”
“假定他把它托交给了什么人，”沃尔特假设着，说道，”而它被遗忘了或者被随便地扔在一旁，或者被丢失了。哪怕是这样的猜想在我看来也要比其他情况更可能发生。总之，我不仅忍受不了去揣摩其他情况，而且不能，也不想去揣摩。””你知道，沃尔，这是希望，”船长像哲人一样说道，”希望！是它鼓舞了你。希望是个救生圈--请翻一下你的《小鸣禽》这本书中的感伤篇，就可以找到这句话，可是老天爷，我的孩子，希望就像其他的救生圈一样，只是漂浮在水面，而不能把它驾驶到哪里去。除了希望之神这个船头的雕塑外，还有锚，”船长继续说道，”可是如果我找不到海底的一个地方可以把它抛下去，我有一个锚又有什么好处呢？”
卡特尔船长的这些话与其说是以他本人独特的身份说的，还不如说是以一位有才智的公民与户主的身份，有责任把自己的点滴智慧传授给没有经验的年轻人，所以才说出的。可是他在说话的时候，确实由于从沃尔特那里获得新的希望而容光焕发，他轻轻地拍拍他的背，怀着热情，适当地结束他的话，说道，”万岁，我的孩子！我本人赞成你的意见。”沃尔特用快乐的笑声回答了他的欢呼，说道：
“关于舅舅，我只想再讲一句话，卡特尔船长。我想，他通过通常的方式--通过邮局或邮船--来写信是不可能的，您懂得这一点。”
“是的，是的，我的孩子，”船长赞同地说道。
“您把信丢失也是不可能的，是不是？”

背景阅读

本书简介：
《董贝父子》是狄更斯最重要的作品之一，发表于1848年。小说描写了董贝父子公司的盛衰史。董贝是个贪得无厌的大资本家，妻子儿女都成了他追逐利润的工具和摆设。公司经理卡克尔是个奸诈小人，骗取了董贝的信任后又一手造成了他的破产。在现实的教训中，董贝的思想发生了转变。最后，虽然他已无法重整家业，却成全了真正的家庭幸福。
豆瓣热评：永恒的大团圆结局
来自: 阿壳
在读托尔金，C.S.刘易斯和狄更斯的小说前，我很少思想关于大团圆结局的事。而这三位作家是毫不掩饰自己热爱大团圆结局的，他们都是英国人。我不知道英国文学里是否有这一种传承，我读的很少；不过我相信，在信仰上他们确实是一脉相承。刘易斯的《纳尼亚传奇》和《裸颜》是基督教寓言小说，当他有更多更清晰直白的见解时，他就放下寓言，转而将它们变为论述或演讲。托尔金不太赞成他的好朋友那样赤裸裸地谈论信仰，他自己的魔戒系列和精灵宝钻是另一种类型的寓言体，不过依然深深渗透了基督教思想——只要把它们放在圣经面前，就会很容易识别出托尔金的信念是从哪里寻得依傍。他极其喜爱公式化的“从此以后他过着幸福的生活”，狄更斯也一样，甚至有过之而无不及。
在我所读过的《雾都孤儿》、《大卫?科波菲尔》、《圣诞颂歌》和《董贝父子》中，狄更斯不管形势有多严峻，某些人能过上幸福生活的可能性是多么微小——依然坚持到结尾时把他们全部聚拢在一起，使他们苦尽甘来，平平安安，欢欢乐乐，相亲相爱，永不分离。有时候我不由猜想，他是不是想要实现某种人间天国，但很快便打消了这念头。不如说大团圆在他笔下之所以成为可能、那样牢固，正是由他对这个世界以外有天国怀有真切的盼望。他随时描写那看不见的天国，随时使他的故事与人物浸透在那种光芒中。我没见过比他更天真的作家，天真到令人感动的地步，就像他钟爱自己笔下各种各样的“憨人”，不惜亲自出马保护他们，尽管他们傻气，不谙世事，偶尔会因自己的轻信挨近危险边缘——但他们绝不会有真正的危险，真正危险的是那种因聪明而自负的人。狄更斯以他叫人眼花缭乱的幽默手法描写这些傻乎乎的人，用上他最亲切的笔墨，仿佛是在叫喊：在这样的世界里做一个天真的人是可以的！你信上帝吗？上帝保佑你！——这句话的意思其实是“在人这是不能的，在神凡事都能。”（马太福音19:26）从同一个思路出发，因此他也毫不为自己的故事有一个美好结局而感到羞赧或犹疑。
我从娱乐作品中见过同样被称作“团圆”的结局，但它们不是同一种，和狄更斯的作品比起来，那不是真团圆。香港晚间黄金时段的电视剧几乎都有譬如真相大白，破镜重圆，有情人终成眷属，好有好报坏有坏报等等情节，也时常可见“从此以后他们过上幸福的生活”。类似的结尾也出现在给小学生改写的童话里。一本叫《屠猫记?法国文化史钩沉》的书谈到，《小红帽》的最初版本是极其血腥的，在几个世纪间，类似的民间传说大多是为了告诫年轻人这个世界的残酷，要想活下去（甚至不是为了能活得多么好）你就得留神。因此，真团圆首先要面对的问题是在一个残酷世界中得到幸福怎么可能。这其实是个严肃的问题，通常电视剧不负有探讨的责任，言情小说也没有，改写的童话同样不予理会。于是我们不得不遭遇断裂：小时候事情是一个版本，等到我们长大后——它们就无情地改变了。
真团圆必须得迎难而上，否则它就不过是娱乐，演和看的人同样不信。狄更斯信，而且似乎不需要论证。和他相比，雨果不但是个雄辩家，而且简直是个没多大信心的人，他在自己的小说里长篇累牍地辩论，甚至给我一种印象，如果他在每一章的开头不把事情为什么可以那样进行说清楚，事情就真的没法儿那样进行了。而且，即便它如期进行，却充满了暴力的痕迹。就像雨果本人对法国大革命十分推崇，认为人类要想有大团圆结局便无法绕道。他把暴力写得那样激昂，那样美。和他比起来狄更斯真是毫不进取，缺乏光荣，也一点都不浪漫。他只是温和却严肃地看着自己笔下的人物，也看着他的读者，仿佛是说：你应当舍己去爱。为什么？——你信上帝吗？愿上帝保佑你！
不过，即使对狄更斯而言，真团圆的难题也是不容易解决的，因为疑虑多半来自生活中确实没有那么多的幸福美满——果真如此吗？我想起那几本书的结尾，是否有人死亡或奄奄一息呢，是的，有，有两种情况。一种是误入歧途的人，无论他们之前多么坏，此时潘然悔悟，迎接他们的是“当一个忏悔的罪人夹在九十九个正直人中间进入天堂时，天使们的脸上可能出现的就是这种狂喜的神情”。他们离开这个绊倒人和叫人悲伤的世界，去往那真正使人安息的国度。这种结局，是从福音书耶稣基督的口里得来的。另一种情况是悲剧。作恶的人直到最后都不承认自己做了可怕的事，伤害了爱他的人和无辜的人，心里没有半点怜悯和恻隐，而只有无尽的骄傲、欲望和唯我独尊的念头——狄更斯描写这种人也是不遗余力。于是，最后他们被从“好人”中放逐出去，就像狼被从羊群中赶走，免得羊群的苦楚没有尽头。在《董贝父子》里，唯一的悲剧是那个人掉到火车的铁轨中央，狂乱中被火车撞死。然而，最可怕还不在于这种死，而是狄更斯相信有另一种永恒的死如同有永恒的活一样，两者同样出自福音书。狄更斯是节制的。小说里有不少糟糕的人物，只有这一个被“处以死刑”，不是由于他罪孽深重，而是由于他不肯回转。那个人心里有那么多肮脏的欲望和自私自利的念头，几乎等于是自己跳入到死亡之中。
狄更斯坦然书写这两种结局，对他来说那是确切无疑的，他就是那样相信的。通过他的故事，我对真团圆多了一层领悟。原来，疾病不能伤害真团圆，死也不能；贫穷和破产不能伤害真团圆，爱能填补它的空缺，它却不能填补爱的空缺；辛劳、付出得不到回报、爱一个人却眼看她与别人成婚、忍耐、默默承担，以及盼望非常遥远的事情——这一切都不能伤害真团圆，而这一切，不正是我们平常所害怕、以为一旦挨着就再也无能过上幸福生活的东西吗？那么狄更斯以为真团圆是什么呢？
“她念那永恒的书，那是给世上所有疲累的、心情沉重的人，和所有可怜的、堕落的、被忽视的人的书。她念那神圣的历史。失明的、跛腿的、瘫痪的乞丐、罪犯、蒙受耻辱的女人，我们所有正人君子避开的人，都在这历史中占一个部分。在这个世界继续存在的所有纪元里，没有任何人类的骄傲、冷淡或者诡辩能把这个部分除掉，或者减少千分之一格令。她念上帝的恩典，祂对整个人生，从出生到死亡，从婴儿到老年的一切希望和不幸都怀有亲切的同情，对人生中每一个场景、每一个阶段、每一个痛苦和悲哀，都很关心。”以及——
“海浪里的声音总是以它们那不停的喃喃声向弗洛伦斯悄悄谈论爱。那爱是永恒的，无限的，并不被今世和末日所局限，而是扩展开去，越过大海，越过天空，一直到远处那个看不见的地方！”（引自《董贝父子》）
于是，狄更斯在他的故事的结尾，把所有曾经痛苦、误入歧途和懊悔的人聚集在一起，使他们最远不会离开彼此一条街。我曾经疑惑，为什么这些人总是会相聚、相识，相爱，在现实生活中这可能吗？然而，是可能的！因为他们最后总会成为某种相像的人，总是随时乐于给予而将自己的益处置之度外。经过种种磨难后，他们终于在一起，因为信仰，盼望和爱而联合了。这就是作者所相信的大团圆，它们是如此沉甸甸，因为不是不付出代价的。如果疾病，患难，贫穷，痛苦，伤害——这个残酷世界所具有的一切武器——都不能使他们仇恨彼此，不信上帝的恩慈，那么还有什么能阻挡他们，使他们无法过上幸福美满的生活呢？
于是这永恒的大团圆结局仿佛是在说：选择过幸福的生活吧，亲爱的朋友！愿上帝祝福你！