名著阅读

Further Adventures of Captain Edward Cuttle, Mariner Time, sure of foot and strong of will, had so pressed onward, that the year enjoined by the old Instrument-maker, as the term during which his friend should refrain from opening the sealed packet accompanying the letter he had left for him, was now nearly expired, and Captain Cuttle began to look at it, of an evening, with feelings of mystery and uneasiness
The Captain, in his honour, would as soon have thought of opening the parcel one hour before the expiration of the term, as he would have thought of opening himself, to study his own anatomy. He merely brought it out, at a certain stage of his first evening pipe, laid it on the table, and sat gazing at the outside of it, through the smoke, in silent gravity, for two or three hours at a spell. Sometimes, when he had contemplated it thus for a pretty long while, the Captain would hitch his chair, by degrees, farther and farther off, as if to get beyond the range of its fascination; but if this were his design, he never succeeded: for even when he was brought up by the parlour wall, the packet still attracted him; or if his eyes, in thoughtful wandering, roved to the ceiling or the fire, its image immediately followed, and posted itself conspicuously among the coals, or took up an advantageous position on the whitewash.
In respect of Heart's Delight, the Captain's parental and admiration knew no change. But since his last interview with Mr Carker, Captain Cuttle had come to entertain doubts whether his former intervention in behalf of that young lady and his dear boy Wal'r, had proved altogether so favourable as he could have wished, and as he at the time believed. The Captain was troubled with a serious misgiving that he had done more harm than good, in short; and in his remorse and modesty he made the best atonement he could think of, by putting himself out of the way of doing any harm to anyone, and, as it were, throwing himself overboard for a dangerous person.
Self-buried, therefore, among the instruments, the Captain never went near Mr Dombey's house, or reported himself in any way to Florence or Miss Nipper. He even severed himself from Mr Perch, on the occasion of his next visit, by dryly informing that gentleman, that he thanked him for his company, but had cut himself adrift from all such acquaintance, as he didn't know what magazine he mightn't blow up, without meaning of it. In this self-imposed retirement, the Captain passed whole days and weeks without interchanging a word with anyone but Rob the Grinder, whom he esteemed as a pattern of disinterested attachment and fidelity. In this retirement, the Captain, gazing at the packet of an evening, would sit smoking, and thinking of Florence and poor Walter, until they both seemed to his homely fancy to be dead, and to have passed away into eternal youth, the beautiful and innocent children of his first remembrance.
The Captain did not, however, in his musings, neglect his own improvement, or the mental culture of Rob the Grinder. That young man was generally required to read out of some book to the Captain, for one hour, every evening; and as the Captain implicitly believed that all books were true, he accumulated, by this means, many remarkable facts. On Sunday nights, the Captain always read for himself, before going to bed, a certain Divine Sermon once delivered on a Mount; and although he was accustomed to quote the text, without book, after his own manner, he appeared to read it with as reverent an understanding of its heavenly spirit, as if he had got it all by heart in Greek, and had been able to write any number of fierce theological disquisitions on its every phrase.
Rob the Grinder, whose reverence for the inspired writings, under the admirable system of the Grinders' School, had been developed by a perpetual bruising of his intellectual shins against all the proper names of all the tribes of Judah, and by the monotonous repetition of hard verses, especially by way of punishment, and by the parading of him at six years old in leather breeches, three times a Sunday, very high up, in a very hot church, with a great organ buzzing against his drowsy head, like an exceedingly busy bee - Rob the Grinder made a mighty show of being edified when the Captain ceased to read, and generally yawned and nodded while the reading was in progress. The latter fact being never so much as suspected by the good Captain.
Captain Cuttle, also, as a man of business; took to keeping books. In these he entered observations on the weather, and on the currents of the waggons and other vehicles: which he observed, in that quarter, to set westward in the morning and during the greater part of the day, and eastward towards the evening. Two or three stragglers appearing in one week, who 'spoke him' - so the Captain entered it- on the subject of spectacles, and who, without positively purchasing, said they would look in again, the Captain decided that the business was improving, and made an entry in the day-book to that effect: the wind then blowing (which he first recorded) pretty fresh, west and by north; having changed in the night.
One of the Captain's chief difficulties was Mr Toots, who called frequently, and who without saying much seemed to have an idea that the little back parlour was an eligible room to chuckle in, as he would sit and avail himself of its accommodations in that regard by the half-hour together, without at all advancing in intimacy with the Captain. The Captain, rendered cautious by his late experience, was unable quite to satisfy his mind whether Mr Toots was the mild subject he appeared to be, or was a profoundly artful and dissimulating hypocrite. His frequent reference to Miss Dombey was suspicious; but the Captain had a secret kindness for Mr Toots's apparent reliance on him, and forbore to decide against him for the present; merely eyeing him, with a sagacity not to be described, whenever he approached the subject that was nearest to his heart.
时间以它坚定的步伐和坚强的意志向前推进，年老的仪器制造商在留下的信件中，嘱咐他的朋友不许打开封好的包裹的一年期限就要满了；有一天晚上，卡特尔船长怀着神秘与不安的感觉望着它。
船长是一位正直的人，他从没想到过要在期满之前哪怕一个小时打开这个包裹，就像他从没想到过要剖开他自己来研究一下他身体的构造一样。他只是在晚间抽第一斗烟的时候把它拿出来，放在桌子上，然后接连两三个钟头坐在那里，通过烟雾，沉默而严肃地注视着它的外表。有时，船长在这样细心观察了好长一段时间之后，逐渐地把椅子往后拉开，拉开，仿佛要拉出包裹的魔力范围之外似的；可是如果这是他的意图的话，那么他却从没有成功过，甚至当客厅的墙壁挡住他的退路的时候，那个包裹仍旧吸引着他；或者如果他在浮思漫想之中把眼光转到天花板或炉火上去的话，那么它的形象就会立即跟随而来，显著地停落在煤块中间，或者在白色的灰泥上占据了一个有利的位置。
对于”心的喜悦”，船长慈父般的关怀与喜爱并没有改变。可是自从上次跟卡克先生会晤以后，卡特尔船长心中开始怀疑：他以前为了这位小姐和他亲爱的孩子沃尔特所进行过的干预究竟是不是已证明像他曾经期望过的以及他当时曾相信过的那么有利。船长非常忧虑，他所造成的害处已大于益处，这点使他心中苦恼不安。他在悔恨与自责的过程中，决心赎回自己的罪过；他所采取的办法就是使他自己根本不可能再有害于任何人，就好像把他自己当作一位危险的人物，给扔到船外去一样。
因此，船长就把自己埋没在仪器中间，从来不走近董贝先生的公馆，或设法让弗洛伦斯或尼珀小姐知道他的情况。他甚至跟珀奇先生也断绝了关系；在他最近来拜访的时候，他冷淡地通知这位先生，他感谢他的交情，可是他已决心跟所有的熟人不相来往，因为他担心他会在无意间把哪个弹药库给爆炸了。船长在这种心甘情愿的隐居中，除了跟磨工罗布交谈外，整整几天、整整几个星期不跟任何人交谈一句话；至于磨工罗布，船长则认为他不怀私心，情深义重，忠心耿耿，在这些方面可以称得上是个模范。船长在这样隐居的时候，有一天晚上注视着包裹，坐着抽烟，想着弗洛伦斯和可怜的沃尔特，直到后来，他们两人在他的朴实的想象中似乎已经死了，变成了永恒的青年--他最初记忆中的美丽的、天真烂漫的孩子--。
不过船长在沉思默想中并没有忽略自己的进步和对磨工罗布智力的培养。他通常要求这位年轻人每天晚上向他朗诵书本一小时。由于船长盲目地相信一切书本都是对的，所以罗布就通过这个途径积累了许多令人注目的知识。星期天晚上，船长在睡觉之前经常为他自己读基督有一次在一座山上布道中的一些段落；虽然他习惯按照他自己的方式，不用书本，引用原文，可是他读的时候，仿佛早已熟记它的希腊文，对于它的每一句箴言他都能写出出色的神学论文，不论写多少篇都可以似的。
磨工罗布对圣书的虔诚精神，在磨工学校美妙的制度下，曾经得到过很好的培养。他曾经不断地碰撞犹太族人的名字，在脑骨上留下永久的伤痕；他曾经单调无味地一遍又一遍地读着那些艰深难懂的韵文；特别是，他曾经受过惩罚，他还曾经在六岁的时候穿着皮裤，每星期天三次，在一座很闷热的教堂的很高的走廊中整步行进；那里有一架大风琴，像一只特别勤勉的蜜蜂一样，在他昏昏欲睡的脑袋上发出嗡嗡的响声；他就是通过这样一些途径，培养起对圣书的虔诚精神的。因此，每当船长停止朗读的时候，磨工罗布就装出一副深受启发的样子，而当朗读正在进行的时候，他则通常是打呵欠和打瞌睡。善良的船长从来没有怀疑会发生后面提到的那种情况。
卡特尔船长作为一个做生意的人，也记起帐来。他在这些帐册里记上他对于气候及运货马车和其他车辆行驶方向的观察；他注意到，在他那个地区内，这些车辆在早上和一天的大部分时间内是向西行驶的，到晚上则向东行驶。有一个星期有两三个过路的人进来看看，他们”跟他谈到”--船长这样记道--眼镜方面的事；他们什么也没有买，答应以后再来看看；船长判断生意开始要好转起来了，并在当天的日记帐中记载着：那时风吹来相当清新（他首先记载上这一点），风向西北；夜间有所改变。
船长的主要困难之一是图茨先生。他时常到这里来，话说得不多；看来他有个想法：小后客厅是个可以在那里吃吃发笑的合适的房间；虽然他和船长根本没有比以前更为亲密的关系，可是他却会在那里坐上整整半个小时，利用它的便利条件，来达到他的目的。船长根据最近的经验，变得谨慎小心，可是他仍然不能判断，图茨先生是不是确实就像他表面上看去那样，是个温顺的人，还是一位非常狡猾、善于掩饰的伪君子。他时常提到董贝小姐，这是可疑的，不过图茨先生表面上对船长是信赖的，船长内心对这一点怀有好感，所以就暂时克制自己，不做出不利于图茨先生的决定；每当图茨先生提到他内心深处的那个问题时，船长仅仅用难以形容的聪明的神色注视着他。

“吉尔斯船长，”图茨先生有一天以他惯常的方式，突然说道，”您能不能行个好，考虑一下我的建议，让我跟您交个朋友好吗？”
“啊，我的孩子，我来跟您说说，事情是怎样的，”船长终于决定了行动方针，回答道，”我已经想过这件事了。”
背景阅读

本书简介：
《董贝父子》是狄更斯最重要的作品之一，发表于1848年。小说描写了董贝父子公司的盛衰史。董贝是个贪得无厌的大资本家，妻子儿女都成了他追逐利润的工具和摆设。公司经理卡克尔是个奸诈小人，骗取了董贝的信任后又一手造成了他的破产。在现实的教训中，董贝的思想发生了转变。最后，虽然他已无法重整家业，却成全了真正的家庭幸福。
豆瓣热评：永恒的大团圆结局
来自: 阿壳
在读托尔金，C.S.刘易斯和狄更斯的小说前，我很少思想关于大团圆结局的事。而这三位作家是毫不掩饰自己热爱大团圆结局的，他们都是英国人。我不知道英国文学里是否有这一种传承，我读的很少；不过我相信，在信仰上他们确实是一脉相承。刘易斯的《纳尼亚传奇》和《裸颜》是基督教寓言小说，当他有更多更清晰直白的见解时，他就放下寓言，转而将它们变为论述或演讲。托尔金不太赞成他的好朋友那样赤裸裸地谈论信仰，他自己的魔戒系列和精灵宝钻是另一种类型的寓言体，不过依然深深渗透了基督教思想——只要把它们放在圣经面前，就会很容易识别出托尔金的信念是从哪里寻得依傍。他极其喜爱公式化的“从此以后他过着幸福的生活”，狄更斯也一样，甚至有过之而无不及。
在我所读过的《雾都孤儿》、《大卫?科波菲尔》、《圣诞颂歌》和《董贝父子》中，狄更斯不管形势有多严峻，某些人能过上幸福生活的可能性是多么微小——依然坚持到结尾时把他们全部聚拢在一起，使他们苦尽甘来，平平安安，欢欢乐乐，相亲相爱，永不分离。有时候我不由猜想，他是不是想要实现某种人间天国，但很快便打消了这念头。不如说大团圆在他笔下之所以成为可能、那样牢固，正是由他对这个世界以外有天国怀有真切的盼望。他随时描写那看不见的天国，随时使他的故事与人物浸透在那种光芒中。我没见过比他更天真的作家，天真到令人感动的地步，就像他钟爱自己笔下各种各样的“憨人”，不惜亲自出马保护他们，尽管他们傻气，不谙世事，偶尔会因自己的轻信挨近危险边缘——但他们绝不会有真正的危险，真正危险的是那种因聪明而自负的人。狄更斯以他叫人眼花缭乱的幽默手法描写这些傻乎乎的人，用上他最亲切的笔墨，仿佛是在叫喊：在这样的世界里做一个天真的人是可以的！你信上帝吗？上帝保佑你！——这句话的意思其实是“在人这是不能的，在神凡事都能。”（马太福音19:26）从同一个思路出发，因此他也毫不为自己的故事有一个美好结局而感到羞赧或犹疑。
我从娱乐作品中见过同样被称作“团圆”的结局，但它们不是同一种，和狄更斯的作品比起来，那不是真团圆。香港晚间黄金时段的电视剧几乎都有譬如真相大白，破镜重圆，有情人终成眷属，好有好报坏有坏报等等情节，也时常可见“从此以后他们过上幸福的生活”。类似的结尾也出现在给小学生改写的童话里。一本叫《屠猫记?法国文化史钩沉》的书谈到，《小红帽》的最初版本是极其血腥的，在几个世纪间，类似的民间传说大多是为了告诫年轻人这个世界的残酷，要想活下去（甚至不是为了能活得多么好）你就得留神。因此，真团圆首先要面对的问题是在一个残酷世界中得到幸福怎么可能。这其实是个严肃的问题，通常电视剧不负有探讨的责任，言情小说也没有，改写的童话同样不予理会。于是我们不得不遭遇断裂：小时候事情是一个版本，等到我们长大后——它们就无情地改变了。
真团圆必须得迎难而上，否则它就不过是娱乐，演和看的人同样不信。狄更斯信，而且似乎不需要论证。和他相比，雨果不但是个雄辩家，而且简直是个没多大信心的人，他在自己的小说里长篇累牍地辩论，甚至给我一种印象，如果他在每一章的开头不把事情为什么可以那样进行说清楚，事情就真的没法儿那样进行了。而且，即便它如期进行，却充满了暴力的痕迹。就像雨果本人对法国大革命十分推崇，认为人类要想有大团圆结局便无法绕道。他把暴力写得那样激昂，那样美。和他比起来狄更斯真是毫不进取，缺乏光荣，也一点都不浪漫。他只是温和却严肃地看着自己笔下的人物，也看着他的读者，仿佛是说：你应当舍己去爱。为什么？——你信上帝吗？愿上帝保佑你！
不过，即使对狄更斯而言，真团圆的难题也是不容易解决的，因为疑虑多半来自生活中确实没有那么多的幸福美满——果真如此吗？我想起那几本书的结尾，是否有人死亡或奄奄一息呢，是的，有，有两种情况。一种是误入歧途的人，无论他们之前多么坏，此时潘然悔悟，迎接他们的是“当一个忏悔的罪人夹在九十九个正直人中间进入天堂时，天使们的脸上可能出现的就是这种狂喜的神情”。他们离开这个绊倒人和叫人悲伤的世界，去往那真正使人安息的国度。这种结局，是从福音书耶稣基督的口里得来的。另一种情况是悲剧。作恶的人直到最后都不承认自己做了可怕的事，伤害了爱他的人和无辜的人，心里没有半点怜悯和恻隐，而只有无尽的骄傲、欲望和唯我独尊的念头——狄更斯描写这种人也是不遗余力。于是，最后他们被从“好人”中放逐出去，就像狼被从羊群中赶走，免得羊群的苦楚没有尽头。在《董贝父子》里，唯一的悲剧是那个人掉到火车的铁轨中央，狂乱中被火车撞死。然而，最可怕还不在于这种死，而是狄更斯相信有另一种永恒的死如同有永恒的活一样，两者同样出自福音书。狄更斯是节制的。小说里有不少糟糕的人物，只有这一个被“处以死刑”，不是由于他罪孽深重，而是由于他不肯回转。那个人心里有那么多肮脏的欲望和自私自利的念头，几乎等于是自己跳入到死亡之中。
狄更斯坦然书写这两种结局，对他来说那是确切无疑的，他就是那样相信的。通过他的故事，我对真团圆多了一层领悟。原来，疾病不能伤害真团圆，死也不能；贫穷和破产不能伤害真团圆，爱能填补它的空缺，它却不能填补爱的空缺；辛劳、付出得不到回报、爱一个人却眼看她与别人成婚、忍耐、默默承担，以及盼望非常遥远的事情——这一切都不能伤害真团圆，而这一切，不正是我们平常所害怕、以为一旦挨着就再也无能过上幸福生活的东西吗？那么狄更斯以为真团圆是什么呢？
“她念那永恒的书，那是给世上所有疲累的、心情沉重的人，和所有可怜的、堕落的、被忽视的人的书。她念那神圣的历史。失明的、跛腿的、瘫痪的乞丐、罪犯、蒙受耻辱的女人，我们所有正人君子避开的人，都在这历史中占一个部分。在这个世界继续存在的所有纪元里，没有任何人类的骄傲、冷淡或者诡辩能把这个部分除掉，或者减少千分之一格令。她念上帝的恩典，祂对整个人生，从出生到死亡，从婴儿到老年的一切希望和不幸都怀有亲切的同情，对人生中每一个场景、每一个阶段、每一个痛苦和悲哀，都很关心。”以及——
“海浪里的声音总是以它们那不停的喃喃声向弗洛伦斯悄悄谈论爱。那爱是永恒的，无限的，并不被今世和末日所局限，而是扩展开去，越过大海，越过天空，一直到远处那个看不见的地方！”（引自《董贝父子》）
于是，狄更斯在他的故事的结尾，把所有曾经痛苦、误入歧途和懊悔的人聚集在一起，使他们最远不会离开彼此一条街。我曾经疑惑，为什么这些人总是会相聚、相识，相爱，在现实生活中这可能吗？然而，是可能的！因为他们最后总会成为某种相像的人，总是随时乐于给予而将自己的益处置之度外。经过种种磨难后，他们终于在一起，因为信仰，盼望和爱而联合了。这就是作者所相信的大团圆，它们是如此沉甸甸，因为不是不付出代价的。如果疾病，患难，贫穷，痛苦，伤害——这个残酷世界所具有的一切武器——都不能使他们仇恨彼此，不信上帝的恩慈，那么还有什么能阻挡他们，使他们无法过上幸福美满的生活呢？
于是这永恒的大团圆结局仿佛是在说：选择过幸福的生活吧，亲爱的朋友！愿上帝祝福你！