According to a new survey by Universum, a global research and advisory firm, Swiss students have the highest starting salary expectations of all undergraduates across the globe.
据全球性研究和咨询公司优兴咨询（Universum）的一项最新调查显示，瑞士学生在全球所有大学生中对起薪的期望最高。
As part of its 2013 global student survey, Universum asked 432, 099 undergrads in 24 countries: What is your expected monthly salary (before tax) in your first job after graduation (excluding commission and bonus)?
作为其2013年全球学生调查的一部分，优兴咨询询问了24个国家的432,099名学生：毕业之后，你期望第一份工作的月薪（税前）是多少（不包括佣金和奖金）？
“For most companies, salary is what we call a ‘threshold’ attribute, meaning that people have minimum expectations around salary and as long as an offer comes in around those expectations, it is not a differentiator when someone is choosing between more than one employer. In order to make sure a company’s salary isn’t outside of that range (unless that is a deliberate decision) it is necessary to understand what expectations are, ” says Melissa Murray Bailey, Universum’s president of Americas.
“对于大多数公司来说，月薪是我们所称的‘阈值’属性，这表示人们对月薪有最低期望值，只要一份工作与这些期望值相差不多，当一个学生在不止一位雇主中间进行选择时，这就不会成为一个构成差别的要素。为了确保一家公司的月薪不在这个范围之外（除非公司有意做出这样的决定），就有必要对这些期望值加以了解，”优兴咨询美洲总裁梅丽莎?默里?贝利（Melissa Murray Bailey）如是说。
She adds: “It is essential for employers to understand their target group so that they can build an attractive message. Recruiters need to prepare for interviews and discussions with students in the same way that sales people prepare for their meetings – you need to know what possible stumbling blocks can be in advance and be prepared to address them. Understanding what students will expect with regards to salary is an important input.”
她还说：“雇主需要了解他们的目标群体，这样，他们才能传达富有吸引力的信息。招聘人员需要准备与学生进行的面试和讨论，正如销售人员为他们与客户的会面所做的准备一样——你必须预先了解可能出现的绊脚石，并做好准备解决它们。了解学生对于薪资有什么期望，这是一个重要的信息。”
For a second consecutive year, Swiss students have the highest salary expectations coming out of school. According to Universum, they expect to earn $7, 062 (USD) per month, on average (before tax; excluding commission and bonus), in their first post-graduation gig. That’s about $84, 730 per year—which, according to Nelly Riggenbach Hasler, vice president of EMEA employer branding and talent attraction at Universum, is a realistic entry level salary. “These expectations are not too farfetched, ” she says.
瑞士已连续第二年成为本科学生月薪期望值最高的国家。据优兴咨询称，他们期待毕业后第一份工作的平均月薪能有7062美元（税前，不包含佣金和奖金）。那也就是说年薪为84,730美元——据优兴欧洲、中东和非洲雇主品牌打造和人才吸引副总裁耐莉?里根巴赫?哈斯勒（Nelly Riggenbach Hasler）表示，这是一个现实的入门级薪资水平。“这些期望值并不是太牵强。”她说。
Why does Switzerland top the list?
瑞士为何会高居榜首？
“The cost of living in Switzerland is extremely high, ” she says, “But also given that the unemployment rate is 3%, the talent pool is rather dry. Switzerland is very much dependent on being an attractive market for talent outside the country, and I would clearly state that [Switzerland] faces a talent centric labor market. Furthermore; the difference between the entry salary and what you earn five years into your career is not as dramatic as in other countries.”
“瑞士的生活成本相当高，”她说，“但同时鉴于其3%的失业率，其人才库面临枯竭。瑞士非常依赖于保持其对国外人才的吸引力，我要清楚地指出，瑞士面对着一个以人才为中心的劳动力市场。此外，大学毕业生起薪和你工作五年后的薪资之间的差别并不像其他国家那么明显。”
Female students in Switzerland say they expect to earn around $6, 468 per month after school; while male undergrads hope to rake in $7, 454. The difference between these two numbers ($986 per month) makes Switzerland the country with the largest salary expectation gap between genders.
瑞士的女大学生表示她们期望毕业之后的月薪大约是6,468美元；然而，男大学生则期望是7,454美元。这两个数字之间的差异（月薪相差986美元）使瑞士成为两性之间薪资期望值差距最大的国家。
“This is not a new phenomenon and there have been lots of studies done about the lower expectations of women, ” Bailey says. “The more interesting question is: Why do women continue to earn less? Women tend to be more modest about their worth and trust that they will be fairly compensated based on their contributions.”
“这不是一个新出现的现象，我们就女性期望值较低的情况做过很多研究，”贝利表示，“更有趣的问题是：为什么女性的收入继续低于男性？女性对于她们的价值持更为谦逊的态度，并相信根据她们的贡献会获得公平的酬劳。”
The Universum survey found that Norwegian students have the second-highest salary expectations. Undergraduates in Norway expect to make $6, 556 per month, on average–or $78, 672 per year, before tax, commission and bonuses.
优兴咨询的调查结果显示薪水期望值第二高的是挪威的学生。挪威大学生期待每月平均能赚6,556美元——或者年薪78,672美元（税前，不包含佣金和奖金）。
“With its very low unemployment rate, being almost untouched by the finance crisis and high activity in the oil and gas industry, Norway has the second highest salary expectations in the world after Switzerland, ” says Carlo Duraturo, Universum’s global account director. “The country has one of the world’s best – and most expensive – social welfare systems, and with a population of only about five million, the talent pool is limited, especially among engineering and IT professionals.”
“挪威失业率非常低，而且几乎未受金融危机的影响，在石油和天然气行业高度活跃，是排在瑞士之后月薪期望值第二高的国家。”优兴全球客户总监卡洛?杜拉图罗（Carlo Duraturo）说，“这个国家拥有世界上最好——且最昂贵的——社会福利制度，另外，由于该国总人口仅为大约500万，人才库很有限，尤其是工程师和IT专业人士。”
Female students in Norway hope to earn $6, 312 per month, while male students say they expect a monthly paycheck of $6, 843—a difference of $531 per month, or $6, 372 per year.
挪威女大学生的期望月薪是6,312美元，而男大学生表示他们对月薪的期望值是6,843美元——月薪相差531美元，或者年薪相差6,372美元。
Rounding out the top three is Denmark, where students expect to make $5, 427 per month, on average (or $65, 124 annually). Female undergrads hope to earn $5, 287; male students want $5, 708 per month.
位于前三的另一个国家是丹麦，这里的大学生平均期望月薪为5,427美元（或者年收入为65,124美元）。女性本科生期望月薪5,287美元；男性本科生为5,708美元。
Jesper Dansholm, Universum’s Denmark country manager, says because Denmark has the world’s highest income tax, these salary expectations “aren’t really exorbitant.”
优兴丹麦区域经理杰斯珀（Jesper Dansholm）说，由于丹麦的所得税在全球最高，这些期望月薪“并不是太高”。
Elsewhere on the list, the United States ranked seventh overall. U.S. undergraduates say they hope to make $4, 337 per month in their first job after graduation. That’s about $52, 032 per year, on average.
榜单上还包括排在第七位的美国。美国的本科生说，他们希望毕业之后第一份工作的月收入在4,337美元。换言之，平均年薪是52,032美元。
“There is a lot of variability in the U.S. among the student’s expectations, largely depending on their major and the industries in which they would like to work, ” Bailey says. “Many students in the U.S. that study liberal arts are having difficulties finding a job post-graduation. Given this has been the case for several years now; students are starting to settle for and expect less coming out of school.”
“美国大学生对月薪的期望值时高时低，这在很大程度上取决于他们的专业和他们愿意投身的行业。”贝利说，“美国很多文科学生毕业后不好找工作。鉴于这几年一直如此，大学生们在走出校门之后逐渐开始适应并降低预期。”
The difference between what female and male U.S. students expect, in terms of salary, is $642 per month (or $7, 704 a year).
在薪水期望值方面，美国女大学生和男大学生的差距是每月642美元（或者一年7,704美元）。
”On a global level we anticipate that the expected salaries will continue to increase due to inflation and the movement of workers to the larger cities, as well the fact that the students are becoming more aware of their own worth, ” says Jonas Barck, global head of commercial partnerships at Universum. “Although the gender pay gap has been a topic of discussion for years, there has not been any positive movement to close the gap. More work needs to be done to understand the root cause of the problem and then the education of hiring managers and employers needs to take place. Until everyone believes and understands the problem, I fear we will continue to talk about it for many years to come, ” he concludes.
“从全球来看，由于通胀和劳动力向更大的城市流动，以及大学生们正越来越意识到他们自身的价值，我们预计，大学生们的期望月薪将继续增加。”优兴全球商贸合作负责人乔纳斯?巴克（Jonas Barck）表示。“虽然男女工资差距是多年来讨论的一个话题，但是尚未有任何正面举措缩小这个差距。我们还要做更多的工作去了解这个问题的根源，然后对招聘经理和雇主进行教育。在所有人都相信和理解这个问题之前，我担心在今后很多年我们还会继续讨论这个问题。”他总结说。