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名著精读:《悉达多》-唵(3)
日期:2013-06-13 13:20

(单词翻译:单击)

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"You've heard it laugh," he said. "But you haven't heard everything. Let's listen, you'll hear more."
They listened. Softly sounded the river, singing in many voices. Siddhartha looked into the water, and images appeared to him in the moving water: his father appeared, lonely, mourning for his son; he himself appeared, lonely, he also being tied with the bondage of yearning to his distant son; his son appeared, lonely as well, the boy, greedily rushing along the burning course of his young wishes, each one heading for his goal, each one obsessed by the goal, each one suffering. The river sang with a voice of suffering, longingly it sang, longingly, it flowed towards its goal, lamentingly its voice sang.
"Do you hear?" Vasudeva's mute gaze asked. Siddhartha nodded.
"Listen better!" Vasudeva whispered.
Siddhartha made an effort to listen better. The image of his father, his own image, the image of his son merged, Kamala's image also appeared and was dispersed, and the image of Govinda, and other images, and they merged with each other, turned all into the river, headed all, being the river, for the goal, longing, desiring, suffering, and the river's voice sounded full of yearning, full of burning woe, full of unsatisfiable desire. For the goal, the river was heading, Siddhartha saw it hurrying, the river, which consisted of him and his loved ones and of all people, he had ever seen, all of these waves and waters were hurrying, suffering, towards goals, many goals, the waterfall, the lake, the rapids, the sea, and all goals were reached, and every goal was followed by a new one, and the water turned into vapour and rose to the sky, turned into rain and poured down from the sky, turned into a source, a stream, a river, headed forward once again, flowed on once again. But the longing voice had changed. It still resounded, full of suffering, searching, but other voices joined it, voices of joy and of suffering, good and bad voices, laughing and sad ones, a hundred voices, a thousand voices.
Siddhartha listened. He was now nothing but a listener, completely concentrated on listening, completely empty, he felt, that he had now finished learning to listen. Often before, he had heard all this, these many voices in the river, today it sounded new. Already, he could no longer tell the many voices apart, not the happy ones from the weeping ones, not the ones of children from those of men, they all belonged together, the lamentation of yearning and the laughter of the knowledgeable one, the scream of rage and the moaning of the dying ones, everything was one, everything was intertwined and connected, entangled a thousand times. And everything together, all voices, all goals, all yearning, all suffering, all pleasure, all that was good and evil, all of this together was the world. All of it together was the flow of events, was the music of life. And when Siddhartha was listening attentively to this river, this song of a thousand voices, when he neither listened to the suffering nor the laughter, when hedid not tie his soul to any particular voice and submerged his self into it, but when he heard them all, perceived the whole, the oneness, then the great song of the thousand voices consisted of a single word, which was Om: the perfection.
"Do you hear," Vasudeva's gaze asked again.
“你听到河水笑,”他说,“但是你并没有听见一切。咱们再听听,你会听到更多。”
他们凝神细听,河水那多声部的合唱柔和地鸣响着。席特哈尔塔望着河水,在流淌的水中映出了一系列画面:他父亲出现了,孤孤单单,因思念儿子而悲伤;他自己出现了,孤孤单单,也是被思念远方儿子的烦恼束缚着;他儿子出现了,同样孤孤单单,正在他的青春欲望的轨道上向前闯荡。每个人都很痛苦。河水以一种痛苦的声音低吟,渴望地低吟着,渴望了流向自己的目标,声音如泣如诉。
“你听见了吗?”瓦苏代瓦无声地目光在问。席特哈尔塔点点头。
“再仔细听!”瓦苏代瓦低语。
席特哈尔塔努力更仔细地倾听。父亲的形象,他自己的形象,儿子的形象,都相互交融在一起,就连卡玛拉的形象也出现了,随后又变模糊,还有戈文达的形象,其他人的形象,都错杂交融在一起,全部汇入河水,作为河水奔向目标,热切、渴望和痛苦地奔向目标。河水的声音充满了渴望,充满了火辣辣的疼痛,充满了无法满足的欲求。河水在向着自己的目标奔流,席特哈尔塔望着它匆匆流去。这河水由他、他的亲人以及他见过的所有人组成,浪花奔腾,匆匆地奔向目标,奔向许多目标,奔向瀑布,奔向湖泊,奔向急流,奔向大海,到达了所有的目标,而在每一个目标之后又跟着另一个新目标!于是,水变成了蒸汽,升上天空,变成雨再从天而降,成为泉水,成为小溪,成为河流,再重新奔流,重新流淌。但是,那渴望的声音变化了。它依然充满痛苦地、探索地鸣响,但是已有别的声音加入进来,快乐和痛苦的声音,美好和丑恶的声音,欢笑和悲伤的声音,成百种声音,上千种声音。
席特哈尔塔凝神细听。他现在是专注地倾听者,完全沉浸在倾听中,一片空白,全力吸入,他感到此刻自己已经把倾听学到家了。他原来也常听到这一切,河水中这许许多多的声音,但今天显得格外新奇。他已经不再能区分这许多声音,分不出欢笑声与哭泣声,分不出小孩声与成人声,它们全都混杂在一起,渴望的抱怨和知情的欢笑,愤怒的叫喊和垂死的呻吟,全都浑然一体,全都相互交织和相互连接,千百次地缠绕纠结在一起。把一切集合到一起,把一切声音、一切目标、一切欲念、一切痛苦、一切喜悦、一切善与恶都集合到一起,就是这个世界。把一切集合到一起就构成了事件之河,构成了生活的音乐。当席特哈尔塔全神贯注地倾听这河水的声音,倾听这支包含了千百种声音的歌曲时,当他不管烦恼也不管欢笑,他的心不是受制于某一种声音,而是让他的自我融入其中,什么都听,听见整体,听见统一时,那么,这支由上千种声音组成的伟大歌曲就凝聚成了一个字,那就是“唵”——完美无瑕。
“你听见了吗?”瓦苏代瓦的目光又在问。
背景阅读

本书简介:
古印度贵族青年悉达多英俊聪慧,拥有人们羡慕的一切。为了追求心灵的安宁,他孤身一人展开了求道之旅。他在舍卫城聆听佛陀乔答摩宣讲教义,在繁华的大城中结识了名妓伽摩拉,并成为一名富商。心灵与肉体的享受达到顶峰,却让他对自己厌倦、鄙弃到极点。在与伽摩拉最后一次欢爱之后,他抛弃了自己所有世俗的一切,来到那河边,想结束自己的生命。在那最绝望的一刹那,他突然听到了生命之河永恒的声音……经过几乎一生的追求,悉达多终于体验到万事万物的圆融统一,所有生命的不可摧毁的本性,并最终将自我融入了瞬间的永恒之中。

作者简介:
赫尔曼·黑塞(Hermann Hesse,1877.7.2-1962.8.9)德国作家。1923年46岁入瑞士籍。1946年获诺贝尔文学奖。1962年于瑞士家中去世。爱好音乐与绘画,是一位漂泊、孤独、隐逸的诗人。黑塞的诗有很多充满了浪漫气息,从他的最初诗集《浪漫之歌》的书名,也可以看出他深受德国浪漫主义诗人的影响,以致后来被人称为“德国浪漫派最后的一个骑士”。主要作品有《彼得·卡门青》、《荒原狼》、《东方之行》、《玻璃球游戏》等。

豆瓣热门书评:席特哈尔塔与乔达摩悉达多

来自: 宠物跳蚤
不算评论,只是想谈一个简单的问题。
因为这种情况在我读杨玉功翻译的《悉达多》的时候也发生过。最初总是在“悉达多就是佛教的创始人”这个语境中,直到悉达多去拜访佛陀,也就是乔达摩的时候,我开始困惑不已。
在这个方面,不能不说译者杨玉功应该负主要责任。他的那篇颇有些自鸣得意的序我印象很深刻,一种少年得意之情充斥其中:二十多岁就把全书译完,现在再看觉得还是没有什么不妥的地方;对旧翻译书名音译(即《席特哈尔塔》)有所不满,更指出了一处错误“潜入水中”,他说应翻译为“在水面行走”。恰恰是他得意的书名《悉达多》,误导了很多人,认为这是佛教创始人的一篇西方作家所做的传记,甚至连一些我国出的西方文学史(特别是一部五卷本的德国文学史)谈到此书时也作是评。
实际上如此吗?
当然不!下面从几个方面来说明。
为了区分,《悉达多》一书的主人公悉达多,我们用旧翻译,即音译,席特哈尔塔。
从现实的层面讲,乔达摩悉达多,也就是佛教的创始人应当为其全名,而悉达多仅仅是名而已。书中写的婆罗门贵族青年席特哈尔塔仅仅和佛祖重名(作者是否有意另作讨论),就像张伟,刘伟,王伟一样,怎么能就此认为是佛教创始人呢?而且佛祖乔达摩悉达多出身为印度四大种姓的另一个:刹帝利。
从书中的内容讲,席特哈尔塔曾经拜访了已经尊为佛祖的乔达摩悉达多,作者分明把两人区别开来,怎么可以再将两者混淆?佛祖的传道首先是在鹿野苑,而席特哈尔塔也就是本书的主人公拜访并师从之后,认为乔达摩悉达多是位伟人,但其学说或者体悟并不能满足自己的心灵——这一点很重要,下面马上提到,希望大家注意。
再从思想的深度来讲,《悉达多》(《席特哈尔塔》)之所以会风靡全世界,假如它只是一本佛祖的西方传记,恐怕根本达不到那种动人心魄的效果,事实上,从作者自身思想发展来看,他虽然对印度的哲学很有兴趣,并非真的信服,反而越到后来越是靠近中国的古代哲学,比如老子。
纵观黑塞一生的创作历程,会发现作者不断地在探讨的并非是某一种宗教或者学说让书中的主人公乃至书后的黑塞本人信服,而是这些东西或启发,或阻碍主人公作为一个“人”对自身心灵在现实世界中的探寻。黑塞本人在现实生活中也是这么做的,他没有埋头在书房里冥思苦想,而是走了很多地方,在最接近大自然的地方独自居住,经历了三次婚姻,遭遇无数的误解,他不但写小说,写诗歌,而且还画画。从《盖特路德》《罗斯哈尔德》到《席特哈尔塔》到《纳尔齐斯和歌尔德蒙》,哪一个主人公不是在现实生活中不断地追寻?不断经历生活?如果将《席特哈尔塔》理解为佛祖的传记,真是把黑塞的视野极大的狭隘化了。
我们再重温一下席特哈尔塔所经历过的吧:沙门,静修,物质之富,欲望之淫,亲情之痛,自然之歌。这些是佛教所能概括的吗,难道他最后皈依的是佛教吗?不,他最后皈依的是自然,连皈依佛教静修多年的旧友侨文达也崇敬地望着他,难以理解席特哈尔塔如何达到这样的境界。
“他深深地鞠躬,一躬到地,向端坐不动的席特哈尔塔敬礼,席特哈尔塔的笑容让他忆起了自己一生中曾经爱过的一切,忆起了自己一生中认为宝贵和神圣的一切。”
我们不禁想到歌尔德蒙弥留中追问纳尔齐斯:“可你将来想怎么死呢,纳尔齐斯,你没有母亲?人没有母亲就不能爱,没有母亲也不能死啊!”
这并非无欲无求的佛心,而是不可言传的大道。
附:黑塞与道的关系需另论,此文目的在于辨明乔达摩悉达多和席特哈尔塔绝非一人,并且此书绝非佛祖传记。

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重点单词
  • muten. 哑子,默音字母,弱音器 adj. 哑的,无声的,沉
  • rapidsn. 急流,湍流
  • obsessedadj. 着迷的
  • ragen. 狂怒,大怒,狂暴,肆虐,风行 v. 大怒,怒斥,激
  • streamn. (人,车,气)流,水流,组 v. 流动,流出,飘动
  • havenn. 港口,避难所,安息所 v. 安置 ... 于港中,
  • bondagen. 奴役,束缚
  • knowledgeableadj. 博学的,有见识的
  • sourcen. 发源地,来源,原始资料
  • longingn. 渴望,憧憬 adj. 渴望的