英文原文

Are You a Leader?

摘要：随着企业机构日益精减，业内人士也开始越来越多地关注管理者思维方式和领导者思维方式两者之间的区别。这里，作者用“管理者思维方式”和“领导者思维方式”代表两种不同的经营管理思维模式，两者的区别在下文中有详细的介绍。

As today's organizations become more and more lean, people in business are gaining a greater appreciation
for the differences between a manager's style of thinking and a leader's style of thinking.1

When people like Frederick Taylor first began to study management, he used a stopwatch to see how well people on a factory floor could improve their productivity. Back then, productivity in the American workforce was determined more by the performance on mechanical tasks than by the ability to process information or buildservice relationships, the way it is today.2 The purpose of a manager, in Taylor's day, was to be the one who knew the most about the work, and the one who took greater control to assure productivity and profit. Imagine being supervised by a manager with a stopwatch!

Now we live in an information age, and no one can "know everything" about a job the way the managers of yesteryear (supposedly) did. In an information age, managers have had to shift toward becoming the ones who create the nvironment that helps capable and knowledgeable people to succeed.3 What's more, the transition to a service economy4 has placed less of an emphasis on controlling others and more of an emphasis on the human skills of building strong relationships.

As a result, the role of management in the American workforce has shifted, and today's managers, more and more, have to develop some leadership skills. Leadership talent is even more essential to success on an executive level.

If you're curious about how much you think like a leader versus thinking like a manager, answer the following 15 T or F questions. Let yourself see that you are a leader or a manager!

测试

Leadership Self Test

1. T or F: I think more about immediate results than I do about mentoring others.5

2. T or F: People will be motivated if you pay them enough.

3. T or F: It's nice to know about people's long-term goals, but not necessary to get the job done.

4. T or F: If you have a consistent recognition system that rewards everyonein the same way, then that is enough.6

5. T or F: The best way to build a team is to set a group goal that is highly challenging, maybe even "crazy."

6. T or F: My greatest pleasure in my job comes from making the work process more effective.

7. T or F: I spend more of my time and attention on my weaker performers than I do on my top performers, who basically take care of themselves.7

8. T or F: It's better not to know anything about the personal lives and interests of the people who report to me.

9. T or F: Sometimes, it's almost as if I'm a "collector of people" becauseI'm always recruiting and getting to know new people.

10. T or F: I like to surround myself with people who are better at what they do than I am.

11. T or F: I am a lifelong student of what makes other people tick.8

12. T or F: People talk about "mission" too much — it's best just to let people do their work and not try to bring values into the conversation.9

13. T or F: It's my job to know everything that goes on in my area.

14. T or F: I pay close attention to how and where I spend my time, because the priorities I put into action are the ones that other people will observe andfollow.10

15. T or F: I've worked hard to get along with or understand people who are very different from me.

长难句讲解

1. 随着企业机构日益精减，业内人士也开始越来越多地关注管理者思维方式和领导者思维方式两者之间的区别。这里，作者用“管理者思维方式”和“领导者思维方式”代表两种不同的经营管理思维模式，两者的区别在下文中有详细的介绍。

2. 当弗雷德里克·泰勒等人开企业管理研究的先河时，他使用秒表来观察厂房里的工人能将生产率提高到何种程度。在那个时候，美国劳动人口的生产率主要由机械化任务的完成情况决定，而不是像今天这样取决于处理信息或者建立客户关系的能力。Frederick Taylor：弗雷德里克·泰勒(1856-1915)，20世纪初最受推崇的管理大师。泰勒总结了几十年试验研究的成果和长期管理实践的经验，概括出一些管理原理和方法，形成了“科学管理”的理论。泰勒在管理理论方面做了许多重要的开拓性工作，为现代管理理论奠定了基础，由于他的杰出贡献，他被后人尊为“科学管理之父”，这个称号还被铭刻在他的墓碑上。他的主要著作有：《计件工资制》(1895)、《车间管理》(1903)和《科学管理原理》(1912)。

3. 在信息时代里，管理者们不得不转变自己的职能，即为有能力而且知识渊博的人走向成功创造有利环境。这句话中含有两个定语从句：who引导一个定语从句，修饰ones；that引导一个定语从句，修饰environment。

4. service economy：服务型经济。服务型经济区别于产品型经济的特征在于：服务型经济的主要经济部门是提供各种服务的部门；主要产品是大规模的服务；大部分劳动力集中在服务部门；大部分产值由服务性行业创造。

5. 我会更多地考虑眼下的结果（眼前利益），而非指导其他人。mentor：做……的良师，指导。

6. 只要有一个以同一种方式奖励每一个人的固定奖赏机制，这就足够了。consistent：坚持的，固守的，一贯的；ecognition：赏识，表彰。

7. 比起那些最能干的，基本上可以独立工作的的下属来说，我对那些工作能力稍弱的下属会投入更多的时间和精力。

8. 我一直都在研究什么是人们工作的动力。tick：<口>活动，工作，起作用。

9. 关于“使命”人们谈论得太多了——最好不要谈论工作的意义之类的问题，让他们做自己该做的事就行了。

10. 我非常注意时间的管理和安排，因为我所规定的各事项的轻重缓急次序也同样是别人要遵循和仿效的。