I.Q. scores have been measured since 1916, when Alfred Binet developed his intelligence scale. He graduated the scale in the following way:

IQ Scores
130+ Very superior
120+ Superior
110+ Above average
99+ Average
80+ Below average
70+ Borderline
Less than 70 Extremely low.
Items included in IQ tests range from spatial awareness where you have to match patterns, to number sequences, and words. There is a free IQ testing site online.

IQ tests used to be standardized but now they are designed by many different organizations in an attempt to measure certain qualities in candidates. For example, Mensa, the High IQ Society, sets its own test which is very difficult in parts. One example of a Mensa question:

Take these letters:

C E I L M E R S S

Form two different 8 letter words from these letters. Each word must use all the letters.

Intelligence and personality have been combined to give sten and z-scores. These are often used by companies who want to recruit staff with particular traits and abilities.

Some very famous celebrities are know for their extremely high IQ level.

Bill Gates: Genius

Madonna 140

Al Gore 140

Hugh Hefner 152

Carol Vorderman 154

Bill Gates 160

Jill St. John 162

Jill St. John who claims the highest score on this list was a major American film actress during the 1960's and 1970's. Jill was admitted to the University of California at the age of 14.

Psychologists have estimated the IQ scores that some famous historical figures might have attained. This was done by looking at their work and their ideas and the way they put them together.

Leonardo da Vinci: Smarter than Bill Gates

George Washington 118

Napoleon Bonaparte 145

Albert Einstein 160

Charles Dickens 180

Michelangelo 180

Leonardo da Vinci 220

Leonardo da Vinci earns that massive score for his art but also for his helicopter concept . His solar power diagrams, calculator plans, and studies of plate techtonics. He had none of the modern day scientific equipment and he was way ahead of his time.

自从1916年阿尔弗雷德·比奈（Alfred Binet）发明了智力量表，人类的智商就开始被测量。他把智商得分如下分类：

IQ 得分
130+ 非常出众
120+ 出众
110+ 平均之上
99+ 平均
80+ 平均之下
70+ 分界线
低于70的人智商极低
测量智商的测试范围很广，从要求你搭配图案的空间意识到数字排序以及文字。这里给大家一个免费的测试智商的网站。

过去智商测试都是统一标准化的，而今许多组织设计出各种不同的智商测试来衡量各种品质。比如，门萨这一高智商俱乐部就会设定自主测试，而这种考试的有些部分是非常难的。下面是门萨考题中的一个例子：

给出下列字母：
C E I L M E R S S

用以上字母，构成两个完全不同的8字单词。每个单词必须使用所有单词。

一个人的智商和个性已经与他是否能做出复杂的词干题和Z分数联系在一起。一些公司经常用这种方式来招募那些有特质、有能力的员工。

一些非常出名的名人以他们极高的智商著称。

比尔·盖茨：天才
麦当娜 140
阿尔·戈尔 140
休·海弗纳 152
卡罗尔·沃德曼 154
比尔·盖茨 160
吉尔·圣约翰 162

这个在榜单上位列首位的吉尔·圣约翰是19世纪六七十年代的美国电影男主角。他14岁就被加利福尼亚大学录取。

心理学家对一些著名的历史人物的智商进行了推测，依据是他们的成就和思想以及他们将思想赋予行动的方式。

莱昂纳多·达·芬奇：比比尔盖茨更聪明
乔治·华盛顿 118
拿破仑·波拿巴 145
艾伯特·爱因斯坦 160
查尔斯·狄更斯 180
米开朗基罗 180
莱昂纳多·达·芬奇 220

莱昂纳多·达·芬奇得分如此之高不仅因为他在艺术上的成就，还因为他对直升飞机的概念。他设计出太阳能图表，拟定计算器计划，还对板块构造学(plate tectonics 此处应为作者笔误)颇有研究。在没有当代科学设备的情况下，达芬奇的成就早已超越他所在的时代。