renege .
【考法 1】 vt. 放弃，摒弃： to solemnly or formally reject or go back on (as something formerly adhered to)
【例】 She refused to renege the principles by which she had always lived her life, even if it resulted in losing her business. 尽管有可能使她失去她的事业，但她仍然拒绝放弃她在生命中所坚持的那些原则。
【近】 abnegate, forswear, recant, renounce, repeal, repudiate, retract, withdraw
【反】 adhere 坚持
【派】 renegade n. 叛徒
rigmarole .
【考法 1】 n. 混乱而无意义的话： language marked by abstractions, jargon, euphemisms, and circumlocutions; confused or meaningless talk
【例】 The security guard gave me some kind of rigmarole about passes and authorizations. 保安不知所云地跟我说了一些关于通关和授权的话。
【近】 abracadabra, babble, drivel, gabble, gibber, jabber, nonsense, prattle
implicit .
【考法 1】 adj. 不言而喻的，心照不宣的： capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed
【例】 The implicit agreement among members of the outing club is that everyone pays his or her own way on all trips. 野外俱乐部成员之间一条心照不宣的约定就是：沿途所有开销都 AA。
【近】 implied, unexpressed, unspoken, unvoiced, wordless
【反】 explicit, expressed, spoken, stated, voiced 明确声明的
【考法 2】 adj. 无疑问的，无保留的： being without doubt or reserve
【例】 Members of the expedition must have implicit trust in their leaders. 远征的队员必须百分之百地信任他们的领队。
【近】 assured, clear, confident, doubtless, positive, sanguine, sure
【反】 doubtful, dubious, uncertain, unsure 不确定的，存有疑惑的
marginal .
【考法 1】 adj. 边缘的： located at or near a border
【例】 Marginal locations in the open-air market are a bit cheaper. 露天市场边缘的地段通常都要便宜些。
【近】 frontier
【反】 interior 内在的
【考法 2】 adj. 不重要的： not of central importance
【例】 regards violence as a marginal rather than a central problem 并不把暴力问题当作重要的核心问题来看
【近】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, slight, trifling, trivial
【反】 consequential, eventful, important, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial, weighty 重要的
pivotal .
【考法 1】 adj. 最关键的，最为重要的： of the greatest possible importance
【例】 The report was missing a pivotal piece of information. 报告遗漏了最为重要的信息。
【近】 critical, crucial, decisive, key, vital
【反】 inconsequential, inconsiderable, insignificant, marginal, minor, minute, negligible, nugatory, slight, trifling, trivial 不重要的
unavailing .
【考法 1】 adj. 徒劳的，无果的： producing no results
【例】 an unavailing effort to avert a war 试图避免战争的徒劳尝试
【近】 abortive, barren, bootless, fruitless, ineffectual, unproductive, unprofitable, unsuccessful, useless, vain
【反】 effective, effectual, efficacious, fruitful, potent, productive 有效的；successful 成功的
cachet .
【考法 1】 n. 威望，声望： a mark or quality, as of distinction, individuality, or authenticity
【例】 Federal courts have a certain cachet which state courts lack. 联邦法院拥有州立法院所不具备的威信。
【近】 credit, distinction, esteem, homage, kudos, prestige
【反】 infamy, notoriety 不好的名声
graft .
【考法 1】 vt. 移植，移接： to implant (living tissue) surgically or as if surgically
【例】 The top layer of skin has to be grafted onto the burns. 顶层的皮肤需要被移植到烧伤的伤口上。‖graft old traditions onto the new ones 把老传统移植到新的习俗之上
【近】 implant, transplant
feisty .
【考法 1】 adj. 好斗的，好争论的： having or showing a lively aggressiveness
【例】 At 66, she was as feisty as ever. 尽管已经 66 岁高龄，她还是一样好斗。
【近】 aggressive, agonistic, assaultive, bellicose, belligerent, combative, contentious, disputatious, gladiatorial, militant, quarrelsome, truculent
【反】 pacific, peaceful, peace-loving 热爱和平的
cascade .
【考法 1】 n. （尤指小的）瀑布： a steep usually small fall of water
【例】 The river forms a series of cascades as it drops a total of 200 feet in elevation. 这条河前后海拔差达200 余英尺，故而形成了一系列的小瀑布。
【近】 fall, waterfall
【反】 cataract 大瀑布