新东方GRE核心词汇考法精析 List28:Unit1
日期:2016-05-01 15:07
(单词翻译:单击)
ravenous
【考法 1】 adj. 食量大的，贪食的： having a huge appetite
【例】 He had moderated his ravenous appetite. 他克制了自己的食欲。‖ravenous for power 渴望权力
【近】 edacious, esurient, gluttonous, greedy, rapacious, voracious
【反】 content, sated, satiated, satisfied 心满意足的
simile .
【考法 1】 n. 明喻： a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as
【例】Even though both similes and metaphors are forms of comparison, similes indirectly compare the two ideas and allow them to remain distinct in spite of their similarities, whereas metaphors compare two things directly. For instance, a simile that compares a person with a bullet would go as follows: "Chris was a record-setting runner as fast as a speeding bullet." A metaphor might read something like, "When Chris ran, he was a speeding bullet racing along the track." 尽管明喻和暗喻都是比喻的手法，明喻会间接地对两个对象进行比较，同时允许差异的存在，而暗喻则直接对两者进行比较。比如说，用明喻来把一个人比作子弹会这样说："克里斯是一个不断打破记录的选手，他跑得就和高速子弹一样快。"而暗喻可能会说："当克里斯奔跑的时候，他就是一颗在赛场上高速飞行的子弹。"
【反】 metaphor 暗喻
shift
【考法 1】 vt. 改变…的位置： to change the place or position of
【例】 She shifted the vase closer to the wall so that it wouldn't get knocked over. 她把花瓶靠墙挪动了一点，从而防止它被碰倒。
【近】 budge, dislocate, displace, disturb, relocate, remove, reposition, transfer, transpose
【反】 anchor, fix, freeze, secure, set 使固定
【考法 2】 vi. 改变，变化： to pass from one form, state, or level to another
【例】 She watched the aurora in fascination as its colors shifted from green to blue. 她着迷地看着极光的色彩从绿变成蓝。
【近】 fluctuate, mutate, snap, vary
【反】 plateau, stabilize 达到稳定点，不变
【考法 3】 vt. 交换： to give up (something) and take something else in return
【例】 My father and I shifted seats just before takeoff so that I could sit by the window. 起飞前我和我父亲交换了座位，这样我就可以靠窗坐了。
【近】 commute, exchange, shift, substitute, swap, switch, trade
damn
【考法 1】 vt. （在道德上）谴责： to declare to be morally wrong or evil
【例】 a cleric who damned gambling and strong drink 一个严厉谴责赌博和酗酒的牧师
【近】 anathematize, censure, decry, denounce, execrate, reprehend, reprobate
【反】 bless, eulogize, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, praise 赞颂
【考法 2】 adv. 非常地，极其地： to a great degree
【例】 Let's have a damn good party. 让我们尽情享乐狂欢吧。
【近】 deadly, desperately, exceedingly, extremely, greatly, heavily, highly, incredibly, really, seriously, very
【反】 little, negligibly, nominally, slightly, somewhat 一点点，稍微
nirvana
【考法 1】 n. 彻底放松的状态： a state of being disregardful or unconscious of one's surroundings, concerns, or obligations
【例】 The spa experience was a week of pure nirvana. 去泡温泉水疗的经历真是彻底的放松。
【近】 forgetfulness, obliviousness
【反】 alertness, awareness, cognizance, consciousness 警觉，知觉
【考法 2】 n. 天堂，极乐世界： an often imaginary place or state of utter perfection and happiness
【例】 They believe in a continuous cycle of births and deaths until the soul is perfected and achieves nirvana. 他们相信生命会不断轮回，直到灵魂变得完美并升入天堂。
【近】 empyrean, fantasyland, heaven, lotusland, utopia
【反】 hell, inferno 地狱
nourish
【考法 1】 vt. 养育，抚养： to provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth
【例】 He willingly nourished a child that was not his own. 他主动地抚养了一名不是他亲生的孩子。
【近】 breed, foster, nurse, nurture, raise, rear
【考法 2】 vt. 培养，促进： to help the growth or development of
【例】 a friendship nourished by trust 在信任的基础之上开出的友谊之花
【近】 advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, further, incubate, promote
【反】 discourage, frustrate, hinder, inhibit 阻碍，妨碍
plodder
【考法 1】 n. 行走缓慢的人： someone who moves slowly or more slowly than others
【例】 The guide halted the tour group so that the plodders who had fallen behind could catch up. 导游让队伍停下来，以便那些落在后头的行动缓慢的人可以跟上。
【近】 crawler, dallier, dawdler, dragger, laggard, lagger, lingerer, loiterer, snail, straggler
【反】 speedster 速度快的人
misapprehension
【考法 1】 n. 错误的理解： a failure to understand correctly
【例】 tried to eliminate all misapprehensions about the planned riverfront development 尽可能消除所有关于河流沿岸发展计划的误解
【近】 incomprehension, misconstruction, misconstruing, misimpression, misinterpretation, misknowledge, misreading, misunderstanding
【考法 2】 n. 错误的判断： a wrong judgement
【例】 a common misapprehension about how our language functions 有关我们的语言如何运作的常见误判
【近】 miscalculation, misjudging, misjudgment, misstep, slip, slipup
ferocious
【考法 1】 adj. 极端的，剧烈的： marked by unrelenting intensity
【例】 Ferocious heat wave kept people indoor. 剧烈的热浪使人不能出门。
【近】 dreadful, excruciating, explosive, fearsome, fierce, intensive, profound, vehement, violent
【反】 light, moderate, soft 轻柔的
【考法 2】 adj. 激烈的，爆发性的： marked by bursts of destructive force or intense activity
【例】 Ferocious forest fires threatened to destroy hundreds of homes in the scrubland. 肆虐的森林大火威胁着灌木丛中数百户居民的住所。
【近】 cyclonic, explosive, furious, paroxysmal, rabid, stormy, tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent, volcanic
【反】 nonviolent, peaceable, peaceful 平静的，平和的
【考法 3】 adj. 凶猛的，残暴的： violently unfriendly or aggressive in disposition
【例】 captured and slaughtered by the ferocious tribesmen 被残暴的部落居民所抓获并惨遭屠杀
【近】 feral, grim, savage, vicious
【反】 gentle, mild, unaggressive 温和的，不具攻击性的
【派】 ferocity n. 凶猛，残暴
affix
【考法 1】 vt. 粘合： to attach physically
【例】 affix a stamp to a letter 把邮票贴在信封上
【近】 attach, bend, fix
【反】 detach, undo, unfasten, unhook 松开，分开
【考法 1】 adj. 食量大的，贪食的： having a huge appetite
【例】 He had moderated his ravenous appetite. 他克制了自己的食欲。‖ravenous for power 渴望权力
【近】 edacious, esurient, gluttonous, greedy, rapacious, voracious
【反】 content, sated, satiated, satisfied 心满意足的
simile .
【考法 1】 n. 明喻： a figure of speech comparing two unlike things that is often introduced by like or as
【例】Even though both similes and metaphors are forms of comparison, similes indirectly compare the two ideas and allow them to remain distinct in spite of their similarities, whereas metaphors compare two things directly. For instance, a simile that compares a person with a bullet would go as follows: "Chris was a record-setting runner as fast as a speeding bullet." A metaphor might read something like, "When Chris ran, he was a speeding bullet racing along the track." 尽管明喻和暗喻都是比喻的手法，明喻会间接地对两个对象进行比较，同时允许差异的存在，而暗喻则直接对两者进行比较。比如说，用明喻来把一个人比作子弹会这样说："克里斯是一个不断打破记录的选手，他跑得就和高速子弹一样快。"而暗喻可能会说："当克里斯奔跑的时候，他就是一颗在赛场上高速飞行的子弹。"
【反】 metaphor 暗喻
shift
【考法 1】 vt. 改变…的位置： to change the place or position of
【例】 She shifted the vase closer to the wall so that it wouldn't get knocked over. 她把花瓶靠墙挪动了一点，从而防止它被碰倒。
【近】 budge, dislocate, displace, disturb, relocate, remove, reposition, transfer, transpose
【反】 anchor, fix, freeze, secure, set 使固定
【考法 2】 vi. 改变，变化： to pass from one form, state, or level to another
【例】 She watched the aurora in fascination as its colors shifted from green to blue. 她着迷地看着极光的色彩从绿变成蓝。
【近】 fluctuate, mutate, snap, vary
【反】 plateau, stabilize 达到稳定点，不变
【考法 3】 vt. 交换： to give up (something) and take something else in return
【例】 My father and I shifted seats just before takeoff so that I could sit by the window. 起飞前我和我父亲交换了座位，这样我就可以靠窗坐了。
【近】 commute, exchange, shift, substitute, swap, switch, trade
damn
【考法 1】 vt. （在道德上）谴责： to declare to be morally wrong or evil
【例】 a cleric who damned gambling and strong drink 一个严厉谴责赌博和酗酒的牧师
【近】 anathematize, censure, decry, denounce, execrate, reprehend, reprobate
【反】 bless, eulogize, exalt, extol, glorify, laud, praise 赞颂
【考法 2】 adv. 非常地，极其地： to a great degree
【例】 Let's have a damn good party. 让我们尽情享乐狂欢吧。
【近】 deadly, desperately, exceedingly, extremely, greatly, heavily, highly, incredibly, really, seriously, very
【反】 little, negligibly, nominally, slightly, somewhat 一点点，稍微
nirvana
【考法 1】 n. 彻底放松的状态： a state of being disregardful or unconscious of one's surroundings, concerns, or obligations
【例】 The spa experience was a week of pure nirvana. 去泡温泉水疗的经历真是彻底的放松。
【近】 forgetfulness, obliviousness
【反】 alertness, awareness, cognizance, consciousness 警觉，知觉
【考法 2】 n. 天堂，极乐世界： an often imaginary place or state of utter perfection and happiness
【例】 They believe in a continuous cycle of births and deaths until the soul is perfected and achieves nirvana. 他们相信生命会不断轮回，直到灵魂变得完美并升入天堂。
【近】 empyrean, fantasyland, heaven, lotusland, utopia
【反】 hell, inferno 地狱
nourish
【考法 1】 vt. 养育，抚养： to provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth
【例】 He willingly nourished a child that was not his own. 他主动地抚养了一名不是他亲生的孩子。
【近】 breed, foster, nurse, nurture, raise, rear
【考法 2】 vt. 培养，促进： to help the growth or development of
【例】 a friendship nourished by trust 在信任的基础之上开出的友谊之花
【近】 advance, cultivate, encourage, forward, further, incubate, promote
【反】 discourage, frustrate, hinder, inhibit 阻碍，妨碍
plodder
【考法 1】 n. 行走缓慢的人： someone who moves slowly or more slowly than others
【例】 The guide halted the tour group so that the plodders who had fallen behind could catch up. 导游让队伍停下来，以便那些落在后头的行动缓慢的人可以跟上。
【近】 crawler, dallier, dawdler, dragger, laggard, lagger, lingerer, loiterer, snail, straggler
【反】 speedster 速度快的人
misapprehension
【考法 1】 n. 错误的理解： a failure to understand correctly
【例】 tried to eliminate all misapprehensions about the planned riverfront development 尽可能消除所有关于河流沿岸发展计划的误解
【近】 incomprehension, misconstruction, misconstruing, misimpression, misinterpretation, misknowledge, misreading, misunderstanding
【考法 2】 n. 错误的判断： a wrong judgement
【例】 a common misapprehension about how our language functions 有关我们的语言如何运作的常见误判
【近】 miscalculation, misjudging, misjudgment, misstep, slip, slipup
ferocious
【考法 1】 adj. 极端的，剧烈的： marked by unrelenting intensity
【例】 Ferocious heat wave kept people indoor. 剧烈的热浪使人不能出门。
【近】 dreadful, excruciating, explosive, fearsome, fierce, intensive, profound, vehement, violent
【反】 light, moderate, soft 轻柔的
【考法 2】 adj. 激烈的，爆发性的： marked by bursts of destructive force or intense activity
【例】 Ferocious forest fires threatened to destroy hundreds of homes in the scrubland. 肆虐的森林大火威胁着灌木丛中数百户居民的住所。
【近】 cyclonic, explosive, furious, paroxysmal, rabid, stormy, tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent, volcanic
【反】 nonviolent, peaceable, peaceful 平静的，平和的
【考法 3】 adj. 凶猛的，残暴的： violently unfriendly or aggressive in disposition
【例】 captured and slaughtered by the ferocious tribesmen 被残暴的部落居民所抓获并惨遭屠杀
【近】 feral, grim, savage, vicious
【反】 gentle, mild, unaggressive 温和的，不具攻击性的
【派】 ferocity n. 凶猛，残暴
affix
【考法 1】 vt. 粘合： to attach physically
【例】 affix a stamp to a letter 把邮票贴在信封上
【近】 attach, bend, fix
【反】 detach, undo, unfasten, unhook 松开，分开
