汉译英试题训练

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

中国是世界上最早使用货币(currency)的国家之一。中国古代使用的主要货币类型是铜钱(coppercoin)。从秦朝统一各国到清朝末期，圆形方孔的硬币取代了所有先秦货币，成为中国货币的主要形式。然而，各个朝代使用的货币体系不尽相同。纸币(banknote)最早出现于宋朝，元、明、淸时期广泛使用。货币与每个历史时期的社会、经济和政治制度密切相关。从汉唐时期起，中国的铜钱和纸币开始被各个邻国复制。大约同期，外币流人中国，刺激了国际商业经济的发展。

翻译及详解

参考翻译:

China was one of the world's pioneers in using currency.Copper coin was the main type of currency used in ancient China.Round coins with square holes replaced all pre-Qin currencies and became the dominant form of Chinese currency from the unification of China in the Qin Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.However,various monetary systems were used throughout the dynasties.Banknote first emerged in the Song Dynasty,and was widely circulated in the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.Currencies developed closely with the social,economic and political systems in each historical period.Since the Han and Tang Dynasties,Chinese copper coins and banknote began to be copied by various neighboring states.About the same time,foreign currencies flowed into China,stimulating the development of an international commercial economy.

翻译讲解

1.中国古代使用的主要货币类型是铜钱:该句的主干是“主要货币类型是铜钱”。翻译时，可把“中国古代使用的”译为过去分词短语，作后罝定语。故该句译为Cooper coin was the main type of currency used in ancient China.
2.圆形方孔的硬币取代了所有先秦钱币:其中“圆形方孔”可译为round coins with square holes,故该句整体译为Round coins with square holes replaced all pre-Qin currencies。
3.中国钱币的主要形式:其中“主要的”可用dominant表达，故该处整体译为the dominant form of Chinese currency。
4.出现:可译为emerge或appear,turn up,arise等。
5.广泛使用:即“广泛地流通”。该处翻译时应使用被动语态，译为was widely circulated。
6.大约同期:可译为About the same time。