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Youtube:为何刷牙后吃橘子味道不好
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为何刷牙后吃橘子味道不好
Toothpaste and orange juice don’t mix.
牙膏和果汁不能混合。
What is it about toothpaste that transforms the sweet flavor of orange juice into something so atrociously bitter?
为什么牙膏会让橙汁中的甜味变得如此苦涩？
To get to the bottom of this phenomenon, we’re going to have to cover a couple of bases here,folks, and the first one is the sense of taste.
为了探究这种现象的根源，我们要为大家介绍两方面的基础知识。首先就是味觉。
Your mouth is a powerful chemical sensor equipped with around 10,000 individual taste buds, with up to 100 individual taste receptor cells each.
你的口腔是一个非常强大的化学物质感应器，配有大约1万个独立的味蕾，每个味蕾拥有100个独立的味觉接收器。
These taste buds are specifically programmed to detect five different types of tastes:sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami.
这些味蕾用来检测五种不同的味道：甜，酸，苦，咸和鲜味。
Taste is a chemical matching game of sorts. When you eat a piece of food,it distributes molecules and ions with specific shapes throughout your mouth.
味道是一种化学配对游戏。当你吃下一点食物时，会在口腔中分解为分子和不同形状的离子。
Each taste receptor cell is designed to match up with a specific molecule and ignore all others.
每一个味道接收器细胞用来与特定的分子匹配，而忽略其他的。
Although this matching game is pretty accurate,there are other factors that can affect the way your mouth interacts with taste molecules.
尽管这个配对游戏非常精确，然而还有其他因素会影响口腔与味道分子的互动。
Ok. So that’s enough for taste now.
好了，关于味道就说到这里。
Let’s talk about toothpaste.
让我们说一下牙膏。
Now you see, in the average tube of toothpaste,you’re going to find four primary ingredients:water, which adds body to the paste; abrasives, which help remove plaque from teeth; fluoride,which helps prevent cavities; and detergents,the components that foam up when brushing.
现在，你可以看到，每一管牙膏都会有四种主要成分：水，让牙膏成型；磨料，帮助清除牙齿上的噬菌斑；氟化物，预防蛀牙；清洁剂，刷牙的时候产生泡沫。
The most commonly used detergent in toothpaste is a compound called sodium lauryl sulfate or SLS for short. SLS is used in tons of different household products and although SLS works wonders in producing suds, it has been noted for its strange effects on our mouth’s ability to taste. As it turns out, SLS suppresses our sweet receptors and destroys a compound in our mouths called phospholipids,which inhibit our bitterness receptors.
牙膏中最常用的清洁剂就是一种叫做月桂基磺酸钠的化合物，简称SLS。SLS用于大量家用产品，还用于生产肥皂。这种化合物对我们的口腔品尝味觉的能力产生非常大的影响。它会抑制我们的甜味接收器，破坏口腔中位于苦味接收器上一种叫做磷脂的化合物。
This opens up a clearer pathway for bitter molecules to reach your receptors.
这为苦味分子到达接收器打开了更通畅的通道。
This is the most widely accepted explanation for why orange juice turns from this to this after you brush your teeth.
这就是刷牙后吃桔子味道很奇怪最容易被人接受的解释。
CCTV9:中国驻土耳其大使馆发布旅行预警
Chinese embassy in Turkey issues travel warning
中国驻土耳其大使馆发布旅行预警
The Chinese embassy in Turkey has issued a security warning, advising Chinese citizens to be cautious about traveling to Turkey. The warning issued Friday night came after Turkish authorities said there is currently a high risk of terrorist attacks taking place.
Given the grim security situation, it's strongly recommended that Chinese citizens in Turkey should reduce their outdoor activities and avoid crowded places. The embassy also says there has not been any report so far of Chinese casualties during Friday's deadly attack.
CCTV9视频:普京排除对叙利亚实施地面行动可能
Putin rules out ground operation in Syria
普京排除对叙利亚实施地面行动可能
Russian President Vladimir Putin has ruled out the possibility of sending Russian troops for ground operations in Syria.
Putin make the remark in an interview with the Rossiya-24 TV channel. He said Russia won't do it, no matter what happens. He also responded to allegations from Western countries and media that the Russian air campaign in Syria has not targeted the Islamic State and has led to civilian casualties.
Putin said Russia conducted enough reconnaissance before launching the counter-terror attacks. He said Moscow notified the United States and other partners of its intentions and plans in Syria beforehand.
