aspect

【考法 1】 n. 外表，容貌：appearance to the eye or mind

【例】His face had a frightening aspect. 他的脸很吓人。

【近】appearance, look, figure, presence, mien

asperity

【考法 1】n. （举止、性情）粗暴：roughness of manner or of temper

【例】She responded with such asperity that we knew she was offended by the question. 她如此粗鲁的回答问题

以至于我们知道这个问题冒犯到了她。

【近】roughness, crudity, rudeness, poignancy, harshness

【反】softness, mildness 脾气好

【考法 2】 n.（环境）艰苦：rigor, severity

【例】He has encountered more than his share of asperities on the road to success. 在成功的道路上他已经遇到过比他应该承受的更多的艰辛。

【近】severity, hardness, hardship, rigor

aspersion

【考法 1】 n. 诽谤，中伤：a false or misleading charge meant to harm someone's reputation

【例】cast aspersions on my loyalty 诽谤我的忠诚

【近】defamation, besmirchment, calumny, calumniation, maligning, obloquy, vilification

【反】glowing tribute, eulogy, extolling, laudation, praise, commendation, compliment 热情赞赏，表扬；flattery,

adulation 拍马屁

aspirant

【考法 1】 n. 有抱负者, 有野心者：one who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position

【例】a bevy of ever-smiling aspirants for the Miss America title 一群想当美国小姐的少女

【例】Envy can make oneself backward, self-confidence can tells him to be a aspirant. 妒忌能使自己落后，自信能使自己上进。

【近】seeker

【反】noncandidate 非候选人

【考法 2】 adj. 想成为…的：seeking to attain a desired position or status

【例】The pilot was an aspirant astronaut. 这个飞行员想成为航天员。

assent

【考法 1】 vi. 同意：to agree to something especially after thoughtful consideration

【例】The general proposed a detailed plan and the president assented. 将军提出了一个细节化的计划，总统同

意了该计划。

【近】accede, agree, assent, consent, subscribe, come round

【反】dissent, disagree 不同意

assert

【考法 1】 vt. 断言，肯定地说出：to state or declare positively and often forcefully or aggressively

【例】asserted one’s innocence.坚称自己无罪

【例】He asserted that there were corrupt officials in the government. 他断言道政府里面一定存在腐败的官员。

【近】aver, allege, avow, avouch, insist

【反】deny, gainsay 否认

assertive

【考法 1】 adj. 武断的，强烈自信的：inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively self-assured.

【例】You will have to make many personal judgments when being assertive. 当武断的时候你不得不做出很多个

人选择。

【近】assertory, self-assured, self-assertive, peremptory

【反】diffident 不自信的

assess

【考法 1】 v. 评估重要性、尺寸、价值等：to determine the importance, size, or value of

【例】We need to assess whether or not the system is working. 我们需要评估这个系统是否工作。

【例】Damage to the boat was assessed at $5,000. 船的损失是$5,000。

【近】evaluate, appraise, guesstimate

【考法 2】 v. 征收费用（如罚款）：to establish or apply as a charge or penalty

【例】The utility company will assess a fee if your payment is late. 如果你付款晚了，公共事业公司会罚款。

【近】assess, charge, exact, fine, lay, levy, put

【反】remit 免除（债务）

assiduous

【考法 1】 adj. 勤勉的，专心仔细的：marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application; busy

【例】tended his garden with assiduous attention 专心仔细地照看他的花园

【例】The project required some assiduous planning. 项目需要细心的规划。

【近】diligent, industrious, sedulous

【反】idle, inactive, unbusy, unemployed, unoccupied 空闲的

【派】assiduity n. 勤勉：persistent application or diligence; unflagging effort.

assuage

【考法 1】 vt. 缓和，减轻：to lessen the intensity of

【例】He couldn't assuage his guilt over the divorce. 他无法减轻自己在离婚中的罪行。

【反】aggravate, exacerbate 加强，恶化

【考法 2】 vt. 平息，抚慰：to pacify or calm

【例】Life contains sorrows that cannot be assuaged, and it is important to be honest in acknowledging this.

生活中存在着无法平息的悲伤，诚实地承认这个事实才是重要的。

【近】compose, soothe, calm, pacify, placate, appease, lighten, relieve, alleviate, assuage, allay, mitigate, moderate, conciliate, propitiate

【反】aggravate, annoy, enrage, exasperate, incense, infuriate, ire, irk, irritate, madden, nettle, peeve, provoke, rile, roil, vex 煽动，激起

【考法 3】vt. 使满足：to put an end to by satisfying

【例】assuage his thirst 消渴

【例】That meal certainly assuaged my hunger. 那顿大餐满足了我的口腹之欲。

【近】satisfy, sate, satiate, quench