托福写作文章如何架构?
日期:2014-07-28 08:30

(单词翻译:单击)

框架构建方案
  托福写作考试主要体型分类为:IDO模式(introduction discussion opinion即引入观点,正反论证和提出结论),PES模式(phenomenon explanation solutions 即现象描述,解释说明和问题解决)和issue模式(to what extant do you agree or disagree)。所以考生在考试前有必要把每个模块的表达句型准备好,最好形成自己的模块,只要考到该考点都用相应的模式去写作,这是第一步。
  下面以最常考的issue为例给大家一个范本,以有保留的肯定作为基本立场,在此仅供各位做一个基本的参考:
  I agree with the speaker's broad assertion that…. However,the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace…. My points of contention with the speaker involve…,as discussed below.
  I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all,….
  While…,at the same time we should be circumspect about…. After all,….
  The speaker's assertion is troubling in two other respects as well. First,…. Secondly… . For instance…
  In sum,the speaker's assertion that… begs the question,because…. As for the broader assertion,I agree that…. Nevertheless,…. In the final analysis,given … we are forced to strike a balance in how we ….
  当然,这个地方只是给大家一个例子,究竟如何总结这个框架,和考生平时阅读是分不开的。可以从美文的范文或者官方给出的样文中自己提炼出属于自己的框架,但是最重要的是考试一定要在平时针对不同的考试题目来反复熟练的使用这个模块,才能保证自己在考场上能够熟悉自如地使用这个写作思路。
  内容填实方案
  如何填实中间段落的内容,主要从两个方面入手,一个是要掌握常见的题目的观点以及论据,另一个是要掌握常见的论证手段。下面分别做简单介绍。
  常见观点的准备是非常重要的,一定要针对托福考试常考查的话题做考前总结,做到熟悉话题,针对话题能够提出相应的观点,并且能自如的用英语表达相关的观点和例子。常见的考试话题范围做如下总结和归纳,希望考生考前做好应对准备:animal experiments; censorship; compete or play; youth drug abuse; e-book or p-book; female juvenile crime; intelligent machines replacement; mandatory retirement age; overweight; corporal punishments; littering problems; evaluate and criticize teachers; cities are becoming lager; the Olympic games; TV and children; vegetarian diet or eating meat; honest and white lies; taking a gap year; capital punishment; job-hopping; censorship of the internet; the disappearance of language and culture; marijuana; government subsidize artists and musicians.
  这些给大家罗列了常见的话题,大家做好充分的准备是非常有必要的,可以每个话题通过同意和反对或者现象解释解决等角度总结常见的词汇和表达。
  当然准备一些通用性的观点也是非常有必要的,比如各位考生在考试没有太充分准备的观点是可以从如下几个方面加以考虑的:经济、时间、健康、方便、心理、感情、权利、环境、文化和道德。
  提出观点后剩下的是需要论证观点了,要掌握常见的论证手段:比如数据说明、实验结果、引用权威、逸闻趣事、实际事例、调查采访等等。这些段落也需要模块化,事先做好充分的准备,考试的时候可以直接使用模块,替换内容即可。下面以引用权威的名人名言为例给大家做一个简单介绍:
  To illustrate it profoundly and comprehensively,I would like to cite what one of my favorite writers Francis Bacon ever mentioned: Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. We can easily build up an accurate picture of implications behind his/her words.
  考试可以按照需要替换有下划线的字体内容,从而达到模块化过程。其他的例子限于篇幅不一一展开,这里主要呈现一个基本思路。小编预祝同学们在托福考试中取得好的成绩。

分享到
重点单词
  • neverthelessadv. 仍然,不过 conj. 然而,不过
  • replacementn. 更换,接替者
  • graven. 坟墓,墓穴 adj. 严肃的,严重的,庄重的
  • striken. 罢工,打击,殴打 v. 打,撞,罢工,划燃
  • concedevt. 承认,给予 vi. 让步
  • subsidizevt. 给与补助金或奖助金,贿赂
  • involvevt. 包含,使陷入,使忙于,使卷入,牵涉
  • criticizevt. 批评,吹毛求疵,非难 vi. 批评
  • intelligentadj. 聪明的,智能的
  • disagreev. 不一致,有分歧,不适应,不适宜