经典收藏:详解英语中最常见的短句
日期:2010-04-29 09:21

(单词翻译:单击)



Mind your own business.

现代当艺人真不容易,有机会被枕边人出卖,将私隐卖给八卦媒体,更有一些专业狗仔队偷拍和跟踪.更可怕的是那些路人甲和路人乙在说三道四,对着这群人,可以说句:Mind your own business.(管管你的事情)或者That's my own business.(这是我的事)、That's private. / That's personal.(这是私事)、Stay out of my affairs.(别管我的事)、Don't be nosy.(别好管闲事).

Get / Keep your nose out of my business. 不要窥探我的事情

例如:"I hear your dog bark at bout nine o'clock every night. Why is that?" "Oh, keep your nose out of my business, won't you?"

'每晚九点钟左右,我都听见你的狗吠,为什么呢?'
'啊,你少点管我的事好不好?'

俚语叫人少管闲事,常用Butt out!两字.Butt(用头或角撞)in即'打扰'或'干预',是butt out的反义词.




It doesn't matter.

所谓谁人无错,犯错的时候,应该得饶人处且饶人.当别人诚恳地向你道歉时,你也应该善意地响应一句:It doesn't matter.(没关系,不要紧)或者说:It's not important. / It's not a big deal.(这个不重要这 / 没什么大不了).此外,如你见到朋友好像心情不佳,你也不妨问候一下:What's the matter?(有什么事?)如果不太想回答,可说:It doesn't matter.(没什么,不要提).

要说 '这对我没有影响',英文还有(It) Makes no difference to me. 的说法,随便一点可说:(It) Makes me no difference,例如:Cigarette tax hikes make no difference to me(香烟大幅加税,对我没有影响).英文indifference一字,就是说 '漠不关心',形容词是indifferent,例如:Adrian is totally indifferent to what his girlfriend has done. / Adrian shows total indifference to what his girlfriend has done.(亚德里恩对女朋友所做的事,完全漠不关心).




We've been expecting you.

Expect是'期待'的意思,We've been expecting you.是'我们期待你出现',例如你在餐厅订了位,到达时侍应会向你说:We've been expecting you.(我们在等待你来临)。有时候,这句话也可带点讽刺性,例如你约了朋友,但他迟了很久,你可说We've been expecting you. Expect / expecting. 是期待某些事发生,但发生的可能性是不知道的,例如:I expect you are angry with me, because I ate your rabbit.(我期望你会生气,因为我把你的兔子吃掉),但对方不一定会生气,又例如:I'm expecting a lot of presents on my birthday.(我期待收到很多生日礼物),但收到多少还是未知之数。许多父母都‘望子成龙,望女成凤’,英文可以说:We are expecting great things from her.(我们期望她长大后会有成就)。

说等候某人或某事物来临,英文常用expect(期待)一字,而且多用进行时式(continuous tense),例如:(1) I'm expecting visitors tomorrow.(明天我会有客人来访)。(2) I'm expecting a letter from my mother.(我在等待母亲寄来的一封信)。要说期待某人随时来临,英文是I'm expecting him / her any minute。

有时,你会听到My wife is expecting. 这样的话。那也是期待有人降临,但降临的是婴儿。换言之,‘我妻子怀孕了’。这个expecting之后可加a baby两字,例如:My wife is expecting a baby; I have to make some preparations. (我妻子怀孕了,我得准备一下)。An expectant mother就是‘孕妇’,an expectant则是‘快为人父者’。

Expect一字的用法,还有一点特别值得注意。请比较以下两句:(1)I expect (that) you will go; (2)I expect you to go。这两句意思有分别吗? 按expect之后用 ‘that +子句(clause)’,是‘想’或‘认为’的意思,例如:I expect (that) it will rain soon.(我想,快要下雨了)。Expect之后用‘受词 (object) + to +原形动词 (infinitive)’,则是‘要某人做某事’或‘某人有责任做某事’的意思,例如:I expect you to clean the room. (我要你清洁这个房间)。所以I expect you will go. 和I expect you to go. 不同,一是说‘我想,你会去’,一是说‘我要你去’




Are you free on Sunday?

想要约会别人,首先要问别人有没有空?你可说:Are you available? / Are you free? / Are you busy? 都是‘你有空吗?’的意思,如果要问星期天有没有空,就是:Are you free on Sunday? 如果你有空,可以回答:I have no plans. (我没有任何计划)、I'm free. / I'm available.(我有空)、 I'm not busy.(我不忙),如果不太肯定,可说:Let me check. (让我查查看) 或 I'll check my schedule. (让我查查看我的时间表)。

约会的用语,前面我们有简单谈过了,现在不妨详细一点介绍应邀或婉拒的用语。 接纳人家的邀请,说话一定要显得雀跃,例如:I'd like nothing better.(再好没有了)、I'd like to very much. / I'd love to very much / With pleasure / Why yes, that would give me the greatest of pleasure.(我高兴之至)、That would be great fun.(那将是一大乐事)。Nothing better、the greatest of pleasure、great fun等说法颇为夸张,正是客气的表现。

假如答应赴约,但须迟一点到达或早一点离去,则可在上述说法之后补上一句:....but I may be a bit late.(但我可能会迟一点)、....but I have to go by X o'clock.(但我X点之前就得离去)。
又假如不能肯定能不能赴约,那么可用以下说法:I'll try my best to come. / I'll try to make it. / I'll come if possible.(我会尽量抽身前来)。

婉拒人家的邀请最是困难,但一般可用以下理由:What a pity! I have another engagement/appointment.(真可惜,我已约了别人)、Oh, shame! I have something else to do./ I'm otherwise engaged.(啊,真可惜,我有其它事情要办)、I'm afraid I can't. There's lots of work to do.(我恐怕不能来了,有很多工作要做)。What a pity、shame、I'm afraid. 等,当然也都是客气说法,表示不是不想而是不能赴约。




I hope so.

读书时候老师曾经教过Hope和Wish的分别。Hope和Wish中文都解作‘希望’、‘愿望’的意思,但在英文上却有分别的。好像生日许愿时,我们会说:Make a wish.(许愿)而不是Make a hope。Wish是指不切实际、天马行空、难以实现的愿望,例如:I wish I'd become a princess.(我希望成为公主。)这不是个不可能的愿望吗?而Hope是指比较实际,较有信心,可在比较短时间内实现的愿望。所以I hope so. 通常表示对一些较有信心发生的事情抱有希望,不过当你落空时,也会说I hope so. Faith是指‘信念’、‘信心’,和Hope相似。如果说:I lost my faith in love. 就是说‘我对爱情失去信心’。
对话

人的一生都充满希望;希望事情发生,或希望不发生。所以英文有两句常说的话:I hope so.(希望是这样吧)、I hope not.(希望不会吧),例如:"It looks if it is going to rain tomorrow." "I hope so. / I hope not."(‘明天看来会下雨。’‘我也希望下雨。╱希望不会吧。’)

自觉事情没有希望?还不肯放弃希望,叫做to hope against hope,例如:I hoped against hope that she would agree.(我抱着万分之一的希望,望她答应)。

假如是全无希望了,那可以说是to be beyond / past hope,例如:The patient is past hope.(病人已是不可救药了)。要加强语气,可说beyond / past all hope。

但无论遇到什么困难,最好还是如英谚所言:Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.(抱最大的希望,作最坏的打算),例如:She went to get her medical examination report, hoping for the best and preparing for the worst.(她去取体格检查报告,希望一切理想,但同时也作了最坏的打算)。

希望是怎样来的呢?据说,从前上帝送了个盒子给人间第一个女人潘多拉(Pandora),叫她千万不要打开,但她忍不住好奇心,偷偷打开一看,不料里面盛着万种千般疾苦,都乘机跑了出来为祸人间。潘多拉慌忙关上盒子,留住了希望。所以潘多拉的盒子(Pandora's box) 虽然等于烦恼之源,也把希望带给人类。




I changed my mind at the last minute.

你相不相信个性决定命运呢?有些人天生举棋不定,三心两意,连吃饭点菜都拿不定主意,最后还是乱点一通。对于这些经常改变主意的人,他们常把这句话挂在嘴边:I changed my mind at the last minute. (我在最后一分钟改变主意),有时候,你也可揶揄他说:Does it work any better?(这样子比较好吗?)。谈到终身大事,就不能用change my mind这么简单。举例说:What happened to Joey? She's supposed to get married last week.(祖儿发生什么事?她应该在上星期结婚)原来她变了心(She had a change of heart) 。

改变主意,往往是重新考虑的结果。这‘重新考虑’英文叫second thought(s),例如:At first I supported the proposal, but on second thoughts I decided against it.(最初我支持那建议,但重新考虑之后,决定反对)。英谚说:Second thoughts are best.(三思而行,是最好的)。留意on second thoughts的决定,总是和最初的决定不同。

三思而行,不等于犹豫不决。犹豫不决,英文叫做in two minds,例如:I'm in two minds about the job offer.(接不接受那职位,我拿不定主意)。当然,假如前度恋人会做你的上司,不接受或可免尴尬。‘前度恋人’英文俗称old flame(旧的火焰),颇为有趣。




It's been nice talking to you.

有机会跟一些智者、聪明的人或老朋友聊天该是很快乐的事情,这时候你可以跟他们说:It's been nice talking to you(很高兴跟你聊天),所谓‘礼多人不怪’,外国人也很讲礼仪,例如Thanks for calling.(谢谢你的来电),初次见面会说Nice to meet you.(很高兴见到你),或者It's been nice knowing you.(很高兴认识你)如果你想恭维别人,可说:I've heard a lot about you.(久仰你的大名),相信别人听到一定很开心。

和人家谈话,准备结束时,一般会说:It's been interesting / nice / fun / great talking to you.那就是说:‘和你谈话真畅快’,但句子既用现在完成时动词 (present perfect tense),明显表示谈话要告一段落。所以这句话之后,一般就是Goodbye,例如:It's been great talking to you, but I must go now. Goodbye.

结束谈话,往往是以‘时间所限’为理由。听见对方像是突然惊觉那样说Oh, look at the time!(啊,看看时间!)你几乎可以断定他跟着就会说:I'm going to have to run. / I must dash away now./ I'm afraid I must fly. / I've got to rush.(我得赶快走了)。

要说‘是时间要走了’,有一英文句法特别值得注意:It's time I was. / were going。这一句是说现在的事。但It's time. 之后的子句 (clause) 却必须用过去时动词 (past tense),现在不妨再举一例:It is about / high time we went home.(现在(差不多)是回家的时候了)。It is about time. 即‘差不多是时候’,It is high time. 则是It is time. 的强调说法。

为什么It's time之后的子句要用过去时动词,而I甚至可配动词were?原来这类子句要用假设句法,表示‘我们早应这样做,现在却还未做’。 留意It's time we went home. 之类句子可以改写作It's time for us to go home.,意思没有分别。

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重点单词
  • availableadj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的,有效的
  • engagementn. 婚约,订婚,约会,约定,交战,雇用,(机器零件等)
  • pityn. 同情,怜悯,遗憾,可惜 v. 同情,怜悯
  • boutn. 回合,一场
  • engagedadj. 忙碌的,使用中的,订婚了的
  • indifferentadj. 漠不关心的,无重要性的,中立的
  • flamen. 火焰,热情 v. 燃烧,面红,爆发 n. 情
  • continuousadj. 连续的,继续的,连绵不断的
  • indifferencen. 不重视,无兴趣,漠不关心
  • barkv. (狗)吠,咆哮 n. 狗吠,咆哮 n. (树)茎皮