《岳阳楼记》 范仲淹 （北宋）

庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。

予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也。前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？

若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐耀，山岳潜形；商旅不行，樯倾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。

至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳；岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。

嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居庙堂之高则忧其民；处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”乎。噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？时六年九月十五日。

宋仁宗庆历四年春天，滕子京被贬谪到岳州当了知州。到了第二年，政事顺利，百姓和乐，许多已废弛不办的事情都兴办起来。于是重新修建岳阳楼，扩大它原来的规模，在楼上刻了唐代名人和当代人的诗赋。嘱托我写一篇文章来记述这件事。

我观赏那岳州的美好景色，都在洞庭湖之中。它含着远处的山，吞长江的水，水势浩大，无边无际，早晨阳光照耀、傍晚阴气凝结，景象千变万化。这就是岳阳楼的雄伟的景象。前人的记述已经很详尽了。既然这样，那么北面通到巫峡，南面直到潇水和湘江，降职的官史和来往的诗人，大多在这里聚会，观赏自然景物所产生的感情能没有不同吗？

象那连绵的阴雨下个不断连续许多日子不放晴，阴惨的风狂吼，浑浊的浪头冲白天空；太阳和星星失去了光辉，高山隐藏了形迹；商人和旅客不能成行，桅杆倒了、船桨断了；傍晚时分天色昏暗，老虎怒吼猿猴悲啼。在这时登上这座楼，就会产生离开国都怀念家乡，担心奸人的诽谤、害怕坏人的讥笑，满眼萧条冷落，极度感概而悲愤不端的种种情绪了。

就象春日晴和、阳光明媚，波浪不起，蓝天和水色相映，一片碧绿广阔无边；成群的沙欧，时而飞翔时而停落，美丽的鱼儿，时而浮游，时而潜游；岸边的香草，小洲上的兰花，香气浓郁，颜色青葱。有时大片的烟雾完全消散了，明月照耀着千里大地，浮动的月光象闪耀着的金光，静静的月影象现下的白璧，渔夫的歌声互相唱和，这种快乐哪有穷尽！在这时登上岳阳楼，就有心胸开朗，精神愉快；荣辱全忘，举酒临风，高兴极了的种种感概和神态了。

唉！我曾经探求古代品德高尚的人的思想感情，或许跟上面说的两种思想感情的表现不同，为什么呢？他们不因为环境好而高兴，也不因为自己遭遇坏而悲伤；在朝廷里做高官就担忧他的百姓；处在僻远的江湖间就担忧他的君王。这就是进入朝延做官也担忧，辞官隐居也担忧。那么，什么时候才快乐呢？他们大概一定会说： “在天下人的忧愁之先就忧愁，在天下人的快乐之后才快乐”吧。唉！如果没有这种人，我同谁一道呢？写于庆历六年九月十五日（1046年）

译文：

宋仁宗庆历四年春天，滕子京被贬谪到岳州当了知州。到了第二年，政事顺利，百姓和乐，许多已废弛不办的事情都兴办起来。于是重新修建岳阳楼，扩大它原来的规模，在楼上刻了唐代名人和当代人的诗赋。嘱托我写一篇文章来记述这件事。

我观赏那岳州的美好景色，都在洞庭湖之中。它含着远处的山，吞长江的水，水势浩大，无边无际，早晨阳光照耀、傍晚阴气凝结，景象千变万化。这就是岳阳楼的雄伟的景象。前人的记述已经很详尽了。既然这样，那么北面通到巫峡，南面直到潇水和湘江，降职的官史和来往的诗人，大多在这里聚会，观赏自然景物所产生的感情能没有不同吗？

象那连绵的阴雨下个不断连续许多日子不放晴，阴惨的风狂吼，浑浊的浪头冲白天空；太阳和星星失去了光辉，高山隐藏了形迹；商人和旅客不能成行，桅杆倒了、船桨断了；傍晚时分天色昏暗，老虎怒吼猿猴悲啼。在这时登上这座楼，就会产生离开国都怀念家乡，担心奸人的诽谤、害怕坏人的讥笑，满眼萧条冷落，极度感概而悲愤不端的种种情绪了。

就象春日晴和、阳光明媚，波浪不起，蓝天和水色相映，一片碧绿广阔无边；成群的沙欧，时而飞翔时而停落，美丽的鱼儿，时而浮游，时而潜游；岸边的香草，小洲上的兰花，香气浓郁，颜色青葱。有时大片的烟雾完全消散了，明月照耀着千里大地，浮动的月光象闪耀着的金光，静静的月影象现下的白璧，渔夫的歌声互相唱和，这种快乐哪有穷尽！在这时登上岳阳楼，就有心胸开朗，精神愉快；荣辱全忘，举酒临风，高兴极了的种种感概和神态了。

唉！我曾经探求古代品德高尚的人的思想感情，或许跟上面说的两种思想感情的表现不同，为什么呢？他们不因为环境好而高兴，也不因为自己遭遇坏而悲伤；在朝廷里做高官就担忧他的百姓；处在僻远的江湖间就担忧他的君王。这就是进入朝延做官也担忧，辞官隐居也担忧。那么，什么时候才快乐呢？他们大概一定会说： “在天下人的忧愁之先就忧愁，在天下人的快乐之后才快乐”吧。唉！如果没有这种人，我同谁一道呢？写于庆历六年九月十五日（1046年） 回答者： hsy_5501 - 高级经理 七级 5-22 20:12 仁宗庆历四年春天，滕子京被贬谪到岳州当了知州。到了第二年，政事顺利，百姓和乐，许多已废弛不办的事情都兴办起来。于是重新修建岳阳楼，扩大它原来的规模，在楼上刻了唐代名人和当代人的诗赋。嘱托我写一篇文章来记述这件事。

我观赏那岳州的美好景色，都在洞庭湖之中。它含着远处的山，吞长江的水，水势浩大，无边无际，早晨阳光照耀、傍晚阴气凝结，景象千变万化。这就是岳阳楼的雄伟的景象。前人的记述已经很详尽了。既然这样，那么北面通到巫峡，南面直到潇水和湘江，降职的官史和来往的诗人，大多在这里聚会，观赏自然景物所产生的感情能没有不同吗？

象那连绵的阴雨下个不断连续许多日子不放晴，阴惨的风狂吼，浑浊的浪头冲白天空；太阳和星星失去了光辉，高山隐藏了形迹；商人和旅客不能成行，桅杆倒了、船桨断了；傍晚时分天色昏暗，老虎怒吼猿猴悲啼。在这时登上这座楼，就会产生离开国都怀念家乡，担心奸人的诽谤、害怕坏人的讥笑，满眼萧条冷落，极度感概而悲愤不端的种种情绪了。

就象春日晴和、阳光明媚，波浪不起，蓝天和水色相映，一片碧绿广阔无边；成群的沙欧，时而飞翔时而停落，美丽的鱼儿，时而浮游，时而潜游；岸边的香草，小洲上的兰花，香气浓郁，颜色青葱。有时大片的烟雾完全消散了，明月照耀着千里大地，浮动的月光象闪耀着的金光，静静的月影象现下的白璧，渔夫的歌声互相唱和，这种快乐哪有穷尽！在这时登上岳阳楼，就有心胸开朗，精神愉快；荣辱全忘，举酒临风，高兴极了的种种感概和神态了。

唉！我曾经探求古代品德高尚的人的思想感情，或许跟上面说的两种思想感情的表现不同，为什么呢？他们不因为环境好而高兴，也不因为自己遭遇坏而悲伤；在朝庭里做高官就担忧他的百姓；处在僻远的江湖间就担忧他的君王。这就是进入朝延做官也担忧，辞官隐居也担忧。那么，什么时候才快乐呢？他们大概一定会说： “在天下人的忧愁之先就忧愁，在天下人的快乐之后才快乐”吧。唉！如果没有这种人，我同谁一道呢？

写于庆历六年九月十五日（1046年）

版本一 The Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan

In the spring of the fourth year under the reign of the emperor of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated from his post in the capital to that of magistrate of Baling. A year later, his enlightened administration has made for peace and harmony among the people as well as the revival of numerous formerly neglected matters. Among these was the renovation and expansion of the Yueyang Tower, on whose walls have been inscribed verses by Tang poets and contemporary men of letters. This done, he bid me compose an essay in its commemoration.

As I see, the tower commands a magnificent view of Lake Dongting, the best scenery of Baling. A vast expanse of water, the lake is bordered by distant mountains and fed by the Yangtze River. From dusk to dawn, it presents an ever-changing gallery of spectacles. All this has been described in great detail in literature by ancient people. What has been left out are poets and relegated officials, who have come in large numbers to this tower through the Wu Gorge to the north or the Xiao and Xiang rivers to the south. As they look at the lake, would the tone of the view not produce a corresponding effect on their mood?

Some may come during a spell of rains, which may drag on from month to month, blocking the rays of the sun and stars, and hiding the mountains from sight. Howling gales hurtle frothing waves toward the sky, breaking masts and oars of passenger boats and merchant vessels. When night falls, they hear tigers roar and apes cry. The forlorn sight will move them to grief, aggravating their homesickness, pain of relegation, and fear of slander or ridicule.

Yet others may come in warm spring, and enjoy a crystal clear view of the unruffled lake, which reflects the sky like a gigantic viridescent mirror. They see seagulls fly over the lake one moment and gather in flocks the next, and fishes swimming about; they smell the aroma of verdant angelicas and orchids growing on the bank and sandy beaches. Or they may see a long wisp of cloud stretching across the sky and the bright moon casting her golden rays far and wide onto the shimmering lake, her reflection white and still like a piece of jade lying at the bottom of water, and hear fishermen’s merry antiphonal songs. Standing in the breeze, goblet in hand, they brim over with ecstasy, free of all thoughts about favors or humiliations.

I have tried to study ancient statesmen’s minds, which might differ from those of the above-mentioned people in that they were unaffected by the state of landscape or vicissitude of life. When serving in court they worry about the people; when among the common people they worry about the monarch. If asked ‘when will you be free of all those worries?’, they would surely answer, ‘One should be the first in his country to worry about state affairs, and the last to enjoy oneself.’ Ah, they are the only congenial companions I may wish to have!

The fifteenth of the ninth month, the sixth year of Qingli.

版本二

The YueYang tower In the spring of fourth year of Qingli, TengZijing was exiled to Balingjun , to be the profect there. In the second year of his office, because of his excellent administration,people lived in peace and contentment, and all previous neglected matters were taken care of. The YueYang tower was renovated and enlarged, and described on its walls were the poetries and rhymed prose of Tang and present dynasty. I was invented to record this restoration effect in writing. The beauty of Baling center round the Dongting lake, which holds the mountain ranges in the distance and swallows the water of the yangtz river.It so vast and mighty that it seems boundness.. dazzling in the morning sun and fading in the grew evening mist, it offers a myriad scenes , this is the magnificent view of yueyang tower commanded. Of which many describtions hava been written. The beauty scenic spot is linked with the Wu gorge in the north and Xiao and xiang rivers in the south. Exiled officials and poets often gather here, how could there be no difference in their feelings? In the rainy season, an unbroken wet weather lasts for months,. Chilly wind howl and turbid waves surge the sky high. The sun and stars lose their luster, and the mountain ranges scarcely visible.. The merchant and travelers have to put off their voyage.. for the masts of ships have collapsed and the oars broken.. It is dark towards evening mist, and the roaring of tigers and the cry of monkeys can be heard. At such a time anyone ascending the tow will be filled with nostalgia for the imperial court and his hometown as well as fears of calumny and derision against him. Around him is a scene of desolation. Emotions well up him so strongly that he feels pain at heart. In springtime it is warm and the sun is bright, the lake is tranquil and it merges with the azure sky into a vast expanse of blue. The water-bird are playing, some fluttering in the sky, some gathering together on the sandbars. fishes of varies hues swimming merrily in the water. Sweet-smell grass by the banks and the faint scented orchid on the sandy beaches are rush and green. Sometimes when the mist over the lake vanishes. The glorious moon shines over the vast land. Its brightness glistening with golden light on the lake. The reflection of the moon is like a piece of jade in the depth of the water. On ascending the tower at such a time, one will feel a spiritual uplift , neither glory nor shame. with a cup of wine in the gentle breeze ,he will enjoy the greatest happiness in life. Ah! I have tried to study the minds of lofty ideals in ancient times. Perhaps they were different from the people I motion above. Why is this? The reason is that they were not thrown into ecstasies over their success ,nor felt depressed over their failures. When they were in high postion at court, they concerned about the people, when they were in remote place, they concerned about their emperor. They worried when then got promoted or when they were sent into exile. then , when they were happy? they would say :”To be the first to worry about the affairs of the state and the last to enjoy oneself!” Oh,who else should I seek company with save them?

版本三 Renovation of the Yueyang Building

Author：Fan Zhongyan （Northern Song Dynasty)

The spring in the fourth year of Qingli(reign title of Emperor, Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty)， Deng Zijing was relegated to the post of Baling Prefecture's procurator. Next year, the government functioned well, the people were in their harmony lives and all neglected tasks were been undertaken. Then the Yueyang Building was renovated, increasing the original scale and carving on its wall with the poems and verses written by the Masters in the Tang Dynasty and contemporaries. I was entrusted with writing prose to record it.

I observed the wonderful scenery of Baling, which depends primarily on the great Tongting Lake. It looks as holding the remote mountains of mouth and swallowing the Yangtze River. It is so vast, mighty and boundless! Over the lake the sky appears bright at morning and overcast in the evening; the scenery is so spectacular and majestic as people's expected. Those are the grand sight around the Yueyang Building, which had made the descriptive complete records by the predecessors. However,the lake connects northward to the Wu Gorge and southward to the end of the Xiangjiang River; most of the demoted officers and dejected poets are gathering here. Could not their feelings caused by such scenery, be variable?

Whenever the bad weather, the excessive rain is falling thick and fast, even lasting for the whole month. The chilly winds are howling hard and the turbid waves are rushing even up to the sky. The sun and stars lose their brilliance and the shapes of the lofty mountains are hidden. And then the business travels stop and the masts and oars of the sailing boats are collapsed. When the time is to the evening dark, tigers are roaring and apes are whistling. At that time, if people ascend to the top of this building，all kind of feeling, such as being apart from the capital, yearning for native lands, worrying to be slandered, fearing to be jealous of, and seeing everywhere almost sadly, may be touched off. Deeply moving to the extreme, sadness is inevitable.

On the contrary, in the fine weather, the spring comes in bright sunshine and gentle breeze. The lake is without any terrifying rush and its color from top to bottom is as same as the sky, as if the blue water is reaching far beyond the horizon. Sandpipers gather flying in the air and fishes play in the water. Fragrant grass and orchids growing up luxuriantly on the shore and sand-bank are blue and green. Sometimes the steam and smoke in the sky completely dissipated, and sometimes a bright moon hanging in the sky shines far away beyond almost a thousand li of distance. The floating beam of the Moon radiates a silver glittering upon the water. The quiet shadow of her mirrored in the water is similar to the sunken jasper under the water surface. The fishing songs respond with each other. How much joyful it is! At that tome , if people ascend to the top of this building，they may touch off the feelings of carefree and happy, and forget honor and disgrace, gain and lose. Facing the gentle breeze and drinking, full of joy is also inevitable.

Sighing of sorrow! I have looked for the minds of the ancient people with lofty ideas. They were perhaps not alike both states as above mentioned. Why? They don't joy for substance and don't feel sad for themselves. When situated at the high post in the imperial court, they worried about people and when located at the corners far away the capital, they worried about the Emperor. Therefore, advance would cause them worrying and retreat would also cause them worrying. In that case, if I asked, "When they joy?" They had to say: "Worry should be before, and joy must be after those of the people." Alas! If there were not such spirited people, whom would I go together with ?

This article was written on the 15th day of the 9th lunar month in the sixth year of Qingli (1046 A.C.)