作品原文

小编导读：《孔雀东南飞》是我国古代文学史上最早的一首长篇叙事诗，也是我国古代最优秀的民间叙事诗。是汉乐府叙事诗发展的高峰，也是我国文学史上现实主义诗歌发展中的重要标志。在贯穿全篇的对话中，可以看到，刘兰芝对仲卿、对焦母、对小姑、对自己的哥哥和母亲讲话时的态度与语气各不相同，正是在这种不同中可以感受到她那勤劳、善良、备受压迫而又富于反抗精神的外柔内刚的个性。同样的，在焦仲卿各种不同场合的话语中，也可以感受到他那忠于爱情、明辨是非但又迫于母亲威逼的诚正而软弱、但又有发展的性格。

汉乐府----《孔雀东南飞》

孔雀东南飞，五里一徘徊。
“十三能织素，十四学裁衣。十五弹箜篌，十六诵诗书。十七为君妇，心中常苦悲。君既为府吏，守节情不移。鸡鸣入机织，夜夜不得息。三日断五匹，大人故嫌迟。非为织作迟，君家妇难为！妾不堪驱使，徒留无所施。便可白公姥，及时相遣归。”
府吏得闻之，堂上启阿母：“儿已薄禄相，幸复得此妇。结发同枕席，黄泉共为友。共事二三年，始尔未为久。女行无偏斜，何意致不厚。”
阿母谓府吏：“何乃太区区！此妇无礼节，举动自专由。吾意久怀忿，汝岂得自由！东家有贤女，自名秦罗敷。可怜体无比，阿母为汝求。便可速遣之，遣去慎莫留！”
府吏长跪告：“伏惟启阿母。今若遣此妇，终老不复取！”
阿母得闻之，槌床便大怒：“小子无所畏，何敢助妇语！吾已失恩义，会不相从许！”
府吏默无声，再拜还入户。举言谓新妇，哽咽不能语：“我自不驱卿，逼迫有阿母。卿但暂还家，吾今且报府。不久当归还，还必相迎取。以此下心意，慎勿违吾语。”
新妇谓府吏：“勿复重纷纭。往昔初阳岁，谢家来贵门。奉事循公姥，进止敢自专？昼夜勤作息，伶俜萦苦辛。谓言无罪过，供养卒大恩。仍更被驱遣，何言复来还？妾有绣腰襦，葳蕤自生光；红罗复斗帐，四角垂香囊；箱帘六七十，绿碧青丝绳，物物各自异，种种在其中。人贱物亦鄙，不足迎后人，留待作遗施，于今无会因。时时为安慰，久久莫相忘！”
鸡鸣外欲曙，新妇起严妆。著我绣夹裙，事事四五通。足下蹑丝履，头上玳瑁光。腰若流纨素，耳著明月珰。指如削葱根，口如含朱丹。纤纤作细步，精妙世无双。
上堂拜阿母，母听去不止。“昔作女儿时，生小出野里。本自无教训，兼愧贵家子。受母钱帛多，不堪母驱使。今日还家去，念母劳家里。”却与小姑别，泪落连珠子。“新妇初来时，小姑始扶床；今日被驱遣，小姑如我长。勤心养公姥，好自相扶将。初七及下九，嬉戏莫相忘。”出门登车去，涕落百余行。
府吏马在前，新妇车在后。隐隐何甸甸，俱会大道口。下马入车中，低头共耳语：“誓不相隔卿，且暂还家去。吾今且赴府，不久当还归。誓天不相负！”
新妇谓府吏：“感君区区怀！君既若见录，不久望君来。君当作磐石，妾当作蒲苇。蒲苇纫如丝，磐石无转移。我有亲父兄，性行暴如雷，恐不任我意，逆以煎我怀。”举手长劳劳，二情同依依 。
入门上家堂，进退无颜仪。阿母大拊掌：“不图子自归！十三教汝织，十四能裁衣，十五弹箜篌，十六知礼仪，十七遣汝嫁，谓言无誓违。汝今何罪过，不迎而自归？”兰芝惭阿母：“儿实无罪过。”阿母大悲摧。
还家十余日，县令遣媒来。云有第三郎，窈窕世无双。年始十八九，便言多令才。
阿母谓阿女：“汝可去应之。”
阿女含泪答：“兰芝初还时，府吏见丁宁，结誓不别离。今日违情义，恐此事非奇。自可断来信，徐徐更谓之。”
阿母白媒人：“贫贱有此女，始适还家门。不堪吏人妇，岂合令郎君？幸可广问讯，不得便相许。”
媒人去数日，寻遣丞请还，说“有兰家女，承籍有宦官。”

云“有第五郎，娇逸未有婚，遣丞为媒人，主簿通语言。”
直说“太守家，有此令郎君，既欲结大义，故遣来贵门。”
阿母谢媒人：“女子先有誓，老姥岂敢言！”
阿兄得闻之，怅然心中烦。举言谓阿妹：“作计何不量！先嫁得府吏，后嫁得郎君。否泰如天地，足以荣汝身。不嫁义郎体，其往欲何云？”
兰芝仰头答：“理实如兄言。谢家事夫婿，中道还兄门。处分适兄意，那得自任专！虽与府吏要，渠会永无缘。登即相许和，便可作婚姻。”
媒人下床去。诺诺复尔尔。还部白府君：“下官奉使命，言谈大有缘。”
府君得闻之，心中大欢喜。视历复开书，便利此月内，六合正相应。
“良吉三十日，今已二十七，卿可去成婚。”
交语速装束，络绎如浮云。青雀白鹄舫，四角龙子幡。婀娜随风转，金车玉作轮。踯躅青骢马，流苏金镂鞍。赍钱三百万，皆用青丝穿。杂彩三百匹，交广市鲑珍。从人四五百，郁郁登郡门。
阿母谓阿女：“适得府君书，明日来迎汝。何不作衣裳？莫令事不举！”
阿女默无声，手巾掩口啼，泪落便如泻。
移我琉璃榻，出置前窗下。左手持刀尺，右手执绫罗。朝成绣夹裙，晚成单罗衫。晻晻日欲暝，愁思出门啼。
府吏闻此变，因求假暂归。未至二三里，摧藏马悲哀。新妇识马声，蹑履相逢迎。怅然遥相望，知是故人来。
举手拍马鞍，嗟叹使心伤：“自君别我后，人事不可量。果不如先愿，又非君所详。我有亲父母，逼迫兼弟兄。以我应他人，君还何所望！”
府吏谓新妇：“贺卿得高迁！磐石方且厚，可以卒千年；蒲苇一时纫，便作旦夕间。卿当日胜贵，吾独向黄泉！”
新妇谓府吏：“何意出此言！同是被逼迫，君尔妾亦然。黄泉下相见，勿违今日言！”执手分道去，各各还家门。生人作死别，恨恨那可论？念与世间辞，千万不复全！
府吏还家去，上堂拜阿母：“今日大风寒，寒风摧树木，严霜结庭兰。儿今日冥冥，令母在后单。故作不良计，勿复怨鬼神！命如南山石，四体康且直！”
阿母得闻之，零泪应声落：“汝是大家子，仕宦于台阁。慎勿为妇死，贵贱情何薄？东家有贤女，窈窕艳城郭，阿母为汝求，便复在旦夕。”
府吏再拜还，长叹空房中，作计乃尔立。转头向户里，渐见愁煎迫。
其日牛马嘶，新妇入青庐。奄奄黄昏后，寂寂人定初。我命绝今日，魂去尸长留！揽裙脱丝履，举身赴清池。
府吏闻此事，心知长别离。徘徊庭树下，自挂东南枝。
两家求合葬，合葬华山傍。东西植松柏，左右种梧桐。枝枝相覆盖，叶叶相交通。中有双飞鸟，自名为鸳鸯。仰头相向鸣，夜夜达五更。行人驻足听，寡妇起彷徨。多谢后世人，戒之慎勿忘。

英文译文一

The Bride of Jiao Zhongqing

Southeast the love-lorn peacock flies. Alack,
At every mile she falters and looks back!

At thirteen years Lanzhi learned how to weave;
At fourteen years she could embroider, sew;
At fifteen music on her lute she made;
At sixteen knew the classics, prose and verse,
At seventeen they wed her to Zhongqing,
And from that day what joy and pain were hers!

As work kept Zhongqing in the yamen far,
His absence made her love the deeper still.
She started weaving at the dawn of day,
Worked at the loom until the midnight hour.
The tapestries beneath her fingers grew,
Yet Zhongqing's mother sore berated her—
Not for poor work or any tardy pace,
But she was mistress: brides must know their place.

At length in sorrow to Zhongqing she said,
"If I have failed to serve your mother well,
Useless to stay....Please go and tell her so.
Should she think fit, I fain would go away."

The husband, shame-faced, on this errand went.
"Mother," he said , "no lordly post is mine.
To wed Lanzhi was more than I deserved.
As man and wife we love each other so
That naught but death itself shall sever us.

Less than three years have we been wedded now;
Our life together is a budding flower.
Lanzhi methinks, has done her best, no less.
Why treat her, then, with such unkindliness?"

To which the shrewish mother made reply,
"Dull are your wits and foolish, O my son!
Your wife lacks graces and she lacks good sense.
See her for what she is , self-willed and vain.
The very sight of her offends my eyes.
I wonder that you dare to plead her cause!
A proper wife I have in mind for you...
Yonder she lives, a maid called Qin Luofu,
A matchless beauty, upon my word,
And I have ways to compass her consent.
Now listen! We must get your slut away!
Yes, go must she, and go without delay!"

For filial piety he knelt down,
And pitiful yet firm was his appeal.
"Mother, if 'tis your will, cast out Lanzhi,
But do not think that I will marry twice!"

At this the mother's fury knew no bounds.
She ranted wildly, strumming on her stool:
"Is reverence for aged parents dead?
Defend a wife and flout a mother's wish?
This stranger in the house I will not bear,
And none henceforth to thwart my will shall dare!"

Zhongqing fell dumb before his mother's rage,
Made her a bow profound and went his way.
In tears and sorrow he sought poor Lanzhi,
Though little comfort for them both he knew.
"The thought of parting rends my heart in twain!
And yet my mother will not be gainsaid.
My duties at the yamen call me hence.
'Tis best you go back ato your brother's home.
My yamen tasks complete, I will return
And take you with me to our home again.
It has to be, alas! Forgive me now,
And doubt not I will keep my solemn vow!"

Lanzhi made answer sorrowful and low:
"Nay, take no care to come for me again.
'Twas in the depth of winter, I recall,
I first came to this house a timid bride.
I bore myself with filial reverence,
Was never obstinate, self-willed or rude.
For three years, day and night , I toiled for her,
Nor heeded how long that sorry state might last,
My only care to serve your mother's will
And to repay the love you bore to me.
Yet from this house I now am driven out....
To what avail to bring me back again?

I'll leave my broidered jacket of brocade,
(Its golden lacings still are fresh and bright,)
My small, soft canopy of scarlet gauze
With perfumed herbs sewn in its corners four.
My trunks, my dowry, too, I leave behind,
As fair as ever in their silken wraps ---
Things, some of them, I had a fancy for,
Though now neglected and untouched they lie.
True, they are only cheap and tawdry wares,
Not nearly good enough for your new bride.
But you may share them out as tiny gifts,
Or, if you find no fit occasion now,
Keep them, my dear," she said , her eyes all wet.
"And her who owned them do not quite forger."

When the loud cock-crow marked another day
Lanzhi arose betimes and dressed herself.
She put on her embroidered skirt of silk.

And silken slippers pleasing to the eye,
Studded her braided locks with jewellery,
Hung pearly earring in her little ears,
With touch so delicate applied the rouge
Until her lips, already perfect, glowed.
Her fingers had a tapering loveliness,
Her waist seemed like a many-colored cloud.
A peerless beauty did she look, and sweet
The grace with which she moved her little feet.

To Zhongqing's mother then she bade farewell
In tender words that found a churlish ear:
"Lady, I am of humble origin,
Not well instructed and not well brought-up.
Stupid and shallow and inept am I ---
A sorry mate for any noble heir.
Yet you have treated me with kindliness,
And I ,for shame , have not served you well.
This house for evermore today I leave,
And that I cannot serve you more I grieve."

Then, trickling down her cheeks warm tears,
She bade farewell to Zhongqing's sister dear:
"When to this house I first came as a bride,
Dear sister, you wer just a naughty child.
See, you have grown well nigh as tall as I.
Now I must bid a hasty , long farewell;
Yet,if you love me,sister, for my sake,
Be gentle to your mother, care for her.
When all the maidens hold their festivals,
Forget not her who once looked after you."

With blinding tears and with a heavy heart
She took her seat then in the waiting cart.
For fear of prying eyes and cruel tongues
Zhongqing would meet her where the four roads met.
On the rough road her carriage pitched and shook,
The wheel-rims clattered and the axle creaked.

英文译文二

Then suddenly a horseman galloped up,
Down leaped the rider eagerly --- 'twas he!
They sat together and he whispered low:
"My love shall last to all eternity!
Only a short while with your brother stay,
The little while my yamen duties take.
Then I'll come back ... Let not your heart be sore!
I'll claim you for my very own once more!"
Poor Lanzhi, sobbing, fondly plucked his sleeve.
"Oh, what a comfort to me is your love:
And if you cannot bear to give me up,
Then come, but come before it is too late!
Be your love strong, enduring as the rocks!
Be mine resistant as the creeping vine!
For what more fixed than the eternal rocks?

Yet when I think upon my brother, lord
And tyrant of his household, then I fear
He will not look on me with kindliness,
And I shall suffer from his rage and scorn"
At length in tears the loving couple parted,
And lengthening distance left them broken-hearted.

When Lanzhi, all unheralded, reached home,
Doubt and suspicion clouded every mind.
"Daughter!" her mother in amazement cried.
"Alas! what brings you unattended back!
At thirteen, I recall, you learned to weave;
At fourteen you could embroider, sew;
At fifteen, music on the lute you made;
At sixteen knew the classics, prose and verse.
And then at seventeen, a lovely bride...
How proud I was to see you prosper so!
Yet, dear, you must have erred in deed or word.
Tell me the cause of your return alone."
Said Lanzhi, "Truly I am brought full low,
Yet in my duty did I never fail.”
The mother wept for pity at her tale.

Upon the tenth day after her return
There came one from the county magistrate,
A go-between, to woo her for his son,
A lad who had bare twenty summers seen,
Whose good looks put all other youths to shame,
Whose tongue was fluent and full eloquent.
Her mother, hoping against hope, said, "Child,
I pray you, if it pleases you, consent."

To which, in tears again, Lanzhi replied:
"Dear mother, when I parted with Zhongqing
He said, 'Be faithful!' o'er and o'er again,
And we both vowed eternal constancy.
If I should break my word and fickle prove,
Remorse would haunt me till my dying day.
Can I then think to wed again? No, no!
I pray you tell the matchmaker so"

So to the go-between the mother said:
"O honored sir, a stubborn child is mine,
But lately sent back to her brother's house.
A small official found her no good match ---
How should she please the magistrate's own heir?
Besides, she is in melancholy state:
Young gentlemen require a gayer mate."

So the official go-between went off
And , ere reporting to the magistrate,
Found for the sprig another fitting maid,
Born of a nearby family of note;

And, haply meeting with the prefect's scribe,
Learned that His Excellency's son and heir,
A worthy, excellent and handsome youth,
Himself aspired to wed the fair Lanzhi.

So to the brother's house they came once more,
This time as envoys from the prefect sent.
The flowery, official greeting o'er,
They told the special reason they had come.

The mother, torn this way and that, declared:
"My child has vowed she ne'er will wed again.
I fear I know no way to change her mind."

But Lanzhi's brother, ever worldly-wise,
Was never slow to seize a heaven-sent chance,
And to his sister spoke blunt words and harsh:
"See you not, girl, how much this profits you?

Your former husband held a petty post.
Now comes an offer from the prefect's son:
A greater contrast would be hard to find.
Turn down this offer if you will, this prize,
But think not I shall find you daily rice!"

What must be, must be, then thought poor Lanzhi
"Brother," she said, "what you have said is good.
I was a wife and now am none again;
I left you once and then came back again
To dwell beneath you hospitable roof.
Your will is such as cannot be gainsaid.
True, to Zhongqing I gave my plighted word,
Yet faint the hope of seeing him again!
Your counsel I must welcome as a boon:
Pray you ,arrange the ceremony soon."

When he heard this, the official go-between
Agreed to everything the brother asked.
Then to the Prefect's house they hurried back
To tell the happy outcome of their work.

It seemed so good a marriage for his son,
The Prefect thought, that full of sheer delight
He turned the pages of the almanac,
And therein found the most auspicious date
To be the thirtieth of that same month.

Whereon he summoned his subordinates:
"The thirtieth is a heaven-favored day,"
Said she, "and that is but three days away.
Have all in readiness to greet the bride."

The household was abuzz from floor to roof
As was befitting for a noble match.
There were, to fetch the bride, gay gondolas
Fresh-painted with designs of lucky birds
And silken pennant fluttering o'er the deck.
There were gold carriages with jade inlay
And well-groomed horses of the finest breed
With saddles shining, harness all arrayed!
As for the presents, strings of cash they told
Three thousand, bolts of silk and brocade
Three hundred. And among those precious gifts
Were globe-fish brought from some far distant clime.
The welcoming cortege, five hundred strong,
Would gladden all eyes as it passed along.

英文译文三
In the bride's house the troubled mother said:
"Lanzhi, the Prefect's messengers have come.
The welcoming party will arrive full soon.
'Tis time you donned your bridal finery.
You have agreed ... No time to tarry now!"
Lanzhi, too sad to utter any word,
Sobbed neath her kerchief to conceal her grief,
Her pale, pale cheeks all wet with bitter tears.

She dragged a chair with heavy marble seat
Towards the window where there was more light,
Took silk and scissors, measure, needle, braid,
Cut out in grief and wet her thread with tears.
Ere noon a jacket new and skirt she made;
By eve a wedding gown was all complete.
Then in the twilight, desperate, forlorn,
Out at the gate she stole to weep alone.

Then, suddenly, her sobbing died away...
Far off she heard a horse's anguished neigh!
Oh, that familiar neigh! Yet why so sore?
Indeed Zhongqing was riding fast that way.
The master had heard news, lost heart, asked leave.
The very steed, too, his forebodings shared.
At last, her straining eyes perceived him clear:
His presence filled her with both joy and pain.

Patting the horse, she heaved a woeful sigh.
"Zhongqing, my darling, at our parting dire
None could foresee the course events would take.
You cannot guess my abject misery,
But all we hoped is now an empty dream.
My mother you knew well. my tyrant brother,
'Twas he who schemed to wed me to another.
Now that the die is cast by fate austere,
What more can you expect of me,
my dear?"

Zhongqing, heart-stricken, forced himself to say,
"May you know every happiness, Lanzhi!
The rock stands fixed, unyielding evermore,
But oh! I fear the fibres of the vine
Have lost their toughness all too easily...
May you be rich and live in happy state,
But as for me, why, death shall be my fate!"

That stung her to the quick, but she replied,
"Why say such cruel things to me, my dear?
We both are shipwrecked on the sea of life,
Our vessels foundered by the ruthless gale.
Life has enjoined that man and wife must sever:
Let us both die, and be one flesh for ever!"
Long hand in hand they stayed before they went
With mournful steps and slow their different ways –

Two lovers, parting, knowing all too well
That death alone could make them one again.
All roads to joy fast blocked, they did not quail,
But vowed to terminate their tragic tale.

When Zhongqing, heavy-hearted, reached his home,
Straight to his mother's room he went, and bowed.
"The weather changes, mother. Bitter cold,
A terrifying wind sears leaf and tree.
The frost congeals the orchids, all the flowers,
And Zhongqing's life, too ,draws unto its close.
His sole regret is leaving you alone,
But 'tis his own desire to end life so –
No ghost, no devil, mother, hold him thrall!
Your son is like the rocks of Nanshan Range,
Immutable in death, immune to change."

The mother heard these words in sore amaze,
But guessed their cause, and pitied him in tears.
"My son, sole heir of noble family,
What great and glorious prospects lie ahead!
Why for a wanton should you think to die,
One so inferior in every way?

As I have told you, in the neighborhood
There dwells a paragon of loveliness.
Soon will I send a go-between to her,
And long and happy years be yours, my son!"

But he kept silence, bowed right low, and left,
Long, long is empty room he paced, and thought
A myriad thoughts of Lanzhi, love, and death.
Oft glanced he sadly towards his mother's room;
The world seemed shrouded in a pall of gloom!

The day for Lanzhi's splendid wedding came,
She lonelier than ever mid the throng.
She waited, waited till the night should fall.
At last the turmoil ceased, the guests thinned out.
"This is the day," she mused, "My journey's end.
My soul will wander, though my corpse remain."
The pond's dark waters beckoned, cold and chill.
Barefoot she waded in, and all was still.

Though for the news Zhongqing was half-prepared,
It nowise lighter made the dreadful blow.
Beneath the courtyard trees release he sought,
He turned southeast, and then the rope went taut...

Linked in a common grief, the families
Buried the lovers beside Mount Huashan.
And all around the graveyard grow dark pines,
Through all the changing seasons ever green,
With cypress interspersed and parasol trees.
Like lovingly the leaves and sprays caress;

And in the foliage dwell two little birds,
That mate for life, whose very name is love.
They cross their bills and sing to one another
Their soft endearments all night long till dawn,
And passersby stand spell-bound at the sound,
And lonely windows wake to hear and muse
Upon this story of a bygone day
Which shall endure till all shall pass away.

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