Statement by Edward Snowden to Human Rights Groups at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo Airport

爱德华·斯诺登莫斯科谢列梅捷沃机场向各家人权组织发表的声明

Friday July 12

2013年7月12日

Hello. My name is Ed Snowden. A little over one month ago, I had family, a home in paradise, and I lived in great comfort. I also had the capability without any warrant to search for, seize, and read your communications. Anyone’s communications at any time. That is the power to change people’s fates.

大家好，我叫爱德华·斯诺登，就在一个多月之前，我还有家庭，我的家安在天堂般的乐园，我的生活相当舒适惬意。我还可以不用任何授权，就可以在任何时间，搜索、截取以及审阅任何人的通信信息。我拥有这种能力。这是一种能改变人类命运的力量。

It is also a serious violation of the law. The 4th and 5th Amendments to the Constitution of my country, Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and numerous statutes and treaties forbid such systems of massive, pervasive surveillance. While the US Constitution marks these programs as illegal, my government argues that secret court rulings, which the world is not permitted to see, somehow legitimize an illegal affair. These rulings simply corrupt the most basic notion of justice – that it must be seen to be done. The immoral cannot be made moral through the use of secret law.

这也是对法律的严重侵犯。我的国家——美国宪法第四和第五修正案、“世界人权宣言”第12条，以及众多法规和条约都明令禁止这样大规模、无孔不入的监视系统存在。虽然美国宪法将这样的项目列为非法，但美国政府认为，在世界不允许发现的、秘密法庭的裁决下，某种程度上可以使得这种非法的事情合法化。这些裁决真正腐蚀了正义最基本的概念——什么事是被视为是必须要做的。(即使)通过秘密法规，不道德的行为也不能成为有道德的行为。

I believe in the principle declared at Nuremberg in 1945: "Individuals have international duties which transcend the national obligations of obedience. Therefore individual citizens have the duty to violate domestic laws to prevent crimes against peace and humanity from occurring."

我深信1945年纽伦堡审判时宣布的法则：“每个人都负有国际义务，它们超越了对国家义务的服从。因此，为防止危害和平与人性的罪行发生，公民个人负有的责任和义务可以与国家法律相抵触。”

Accordingly, I did what I believed right and began a campaign to correct this wrongdoing. I did not seek to enrich myself. I did not seek to sell US secrets. I did not partner with any foreign government to guarantee my safety. Instead, I took what I knew to the public, so what affects all of us can be discussed by all of us in the light of day, and I asked the world for justice.

据此，我做了我认为正确的事情，并掀起了一场纠正这种错误行为的行动。我并未汲汲于名利。我并未寻求出售美国机密。我没有与任何外国政府合作以保证我的安全。相反地，我把我知道的事情面向公众公开，因此我们所有人可以在光天化日之下，讨论影响着我们所有人的事情，我向这个世界寻求的，是正义。

That moral decision to tell the public about spying that affects all of us has been costly, but it was the right thing to do and I have no regrets.

决定向大众公开影响我们所有人的间谍活动，关乎道德抉择，需付出高昂的代价，但这是该做的事情，我不会为此遗憾。

Since that time, the government and intelligence services of the United States of America have attempted to make an example of me, a warning to all others who might speak out as I have. I have been made stateless and hounded for my act of political expression. The United States Government has placed me on no-fly lists. It demanded Hong Kong return me outside of the framework of its laws, in direct violation of the principle of non-refoulement – the Law of Nations. It has threatened with sanctions countries who would stand up for my human rights and the UN asylum system. It has even taken the unprecedented step of ordering military allies to ground a Latin American president’s plane in search for a political refugee. These dangerous escalations represent a threat not just to the dignity of Latin America, but to the basic rights shared by every person, every nation, to live free from persecution, and to seek and enjoy asylum.

从那时起，美国政府和情报部门试图拿我“杀鸡儆猴”，警告所有其他可能会说出我所说事情的人。我的政治表现使得我成了被追猎的对象，成了无国籍人士。美国政府把我列入了禁飞名单。它在法律框架外要求香港将我遣返，这是对国际法“不推回原则”的直接侵犯。美国政府对所有帮助维护我人权、尊重联合国庇护制度的国家发出威胁。为了一个政治难民，它甚至采取了前所未有的手段，命令其军事盟友迫降拉美国家总统的专机。这些危险的步步升级的手段，不仅是对拉美国家尊严的恐吓，也是对所有人、所有国家都享有的基本权利的恐吓，是对希望在免遭迫害中生活，寻求并享受庇护权利的人的恐吓。

Yet even in the face of this historically disproportionate aggression, countries around the world have offered support and asylum. These nations, including Russia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Ecuador have my gratitude and respect for being the first to stand against human rights violations carried out by the powerful rather than the powerless. By refusing to compromise their principles in the face of intimidation, they have earned the respect of the world. It is my intention to travel to each of these countries to extend my personal thanks to their people and leaders.

然而，即使是在面对这种具历史性的、不相称的侵略行为时，世界多国仍为我提供支持和庇护。这些国家包括俄罗斯、委内瑞拉、玻利维亚和尼加拉瓜，而厄瓜多尔是第一个挺身而出对抗这种以强凌弱、侵犯人权的行为的，我对此表示感激和尊敬。在恫吓面前它们拒绝原则上的妥协，它们已经赢得了世界的尊重。我打算先后前往这五个国家，以深表我对这些国家的领导人以及人民的感激。

I announce today my formal acceptance of all offers of support or asylum I have been extended and all others that may be offered in the future. With, for example, the grant of asylum provided by Venezuela’s President Maduro, my asylee status is now formal, and no state has a basis by which to limit or interfere with my right to enjoy that asylum. As we have seen, however, some governments in Western European and North American states have demonstrated a willingness to act outside the law, and this behavior persists today. This unlawful threat makes it impossible for me to travel to Latin America and enjoy the asylum granted there in accordance with our shared rights.

我今天宣布，正式接受所有在我提出请求后，愿意提供支持或庇护的国家，包括那些未来可能应我申请提供支持的国家。例如，委内瑞拉总统马杜罗正式批准对我进行庇护，我已经正式成为“政治难民”，任何国家都没有立场去限制或干涉我接受庇护的权利。然而，正如我们所看到的，西欧和北美一些国家的政府已展现了游离于法律外行事的意志，而且这种行事方式现在仍在继续。这种不正当的威胁使得我无法飞赴拉美并接受庇护，拥有大家都享有的基本权利。

This willingness by powerful states to act extra-legally represents a threat to all of us, and must not be allowed to succeed. Accordingly, I ask for your assistance in requesting guarantees of safe passage from the relevant nations in securing my travel to Latin America, as well as requesting asylum in Russia until such time as these states accede to law and my legal travel is permitted. I will be submitting my request to Russia today, and hope it will be accepted favorably.

这些强国希图采取超越法律的手段，威胁到了我们所有人，一定不能让其成功。因此，我请求你们提供帮助，从有关国家的安全通道前往拉美。我也请求俄罗斯提供政治庇护，直至这些国家批准我合法地旅行。我今天将向俄罗斯提交申请，并希望它会被顺利地接受。

If you have any questions, I will answer what I can.

如果大家有任何问题，我将回答我所能回答的。

Thank you.

谢谢。

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