For most of the 1990s, CEOs of Old Economy companies struggled to turn slow-moving organizations into nimbler, more flexible outfits. The truth is, real transformations are the exception rather than the rule. Changing the core values, the attitudes, and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization is overwhelmingly difficult.// Enron tumbled down. Enron didn’t failed because of improper accounting or alleged corruption at the top. It also failed because of its entrepreneurial culture---- the very reason Enron attracted so much attention and acclaim. Too much emphasis on earnings growth and individual initiative, coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate checks and balances.// What constitutes entrepreneurial culture? In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and agglomerating force that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior shared by the whole staff.// In the broad sense, entrepreneurial culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.//

二十世纪九十年代的大部分时间里，旧经济公司的首席执行官们都在努力地讲运作缓慢的公司朝着敏捷，更富有弹性的公司转型。但实际情况是，真正转型成功的公司是极个别的例子 。 转变一家大型公司的核心理念，态度和基本关系极其困难。//安然栽了。安然的失败并不仅仅是因为公司做了假帐或者所谓的高层腐败，其失败的原因还 应归咎于公司的企业文化，正是这种企业文化曾经使安然应人注目，备受青睐。过分强调收益的增长和个人的主动性，加上缺乏那种常规的公司制约平衡机制。//那么什么是企业文化？狭义上来说，它指的是企业在生产经营实践中行成的一种基本精神和凝聚力，以及全体职工共同具有的价值观念和行为准则。//从广义的角度上来说，企业文化还包括企业人员的文化，即企业领导人员的文化心理、文化 素养以及员工的文化行为。//