What Signals a Dog Is about to Attack? Time:Wall Street Journal,July 8th, 2013[qh]
狗攻击人的信号，华尔街日报，2013年7月8日
Nearly 5 million dog bites occur in the U. S. each year，according to the American Humane Association.
根据美国人文协会统计，美国每年有近500万例的狗咬人事件发生。
Ms. Stilwell， chief executive of Atlanta-based Victoria Stilwell Positively Dog Training offers some advice on how to read dog behavior to avoid an attack on a person or other dog.
亚特兰大的维多利亚斯蒂维积极驯狗机构的首席执行官Stilwell女士就如何读懂狗的行为以免被狗袭击或狗之间的相互攻击给出了以下建议。
People are usually attacked on private property by a dog they know.
人们通常被自己认识的狗咬。
"It happens when the relative has brought his dog over，or it happens at a friend's house，" says Ms.Stilwell."We just let our guard down here."
Stilwell女士说，“通常是在亲戚带着狗来自己家拜访，或者是在朋友家里，这些地方是我们应该警惕的。”
Obvious signs include barking，growling，if the dog's ears are flat or suddenly prick up.
狗攻击人的明显征兆包括狂狀、咆哮。如果狗的耳朵横着或突然竖起来，那就表明它将要攻击了。

Some dogs salivate when they are stressed，others cower.
当狗面临威胁的时候，有些会分泌睡液，有些会退缩。
Says Ms. Stilwell. "Dogs will wag their tails when they are upset or over-aroused."
Stilwell女士说：“狗摇尾巴并不总意味着它们高兴，当狗烦躁或被激怒的时候也会摇尾巴。”
Similarly，if an unfamiliar dog rolls on its back to expose its belly，it doesn't necessarily want to be petted. It might be asking you to move away.
同样的，如果一只不熟悉的狗在地上打滚，把肚子露出来，并不一定是想让你抚摸它，可能只是想让你离开。
A dog that attacks is often acting out of fear，says Ms. Stilwell.
她还说，狗通常出于恐惧才会攻击人。
Those signs of fear may include a dog yawning，turning its head away when someone approaches，tensing up or staring.
恐惧的表现包括龇牙，当有人接近、站起来或盯着它看时，会把头扭到一边。
Some dogs will slightly lift one front paw in what Ms.Stilwell calls " the anticipatory paw"，because it shows that they think something negative is about to happen.
有些狗在意识到将有不好的事情发生的时候，会微微地抬起一只前爪，Stilwell女士将这一举动称之为“先行爪”。
Another subtle warning sign is when a dog slightly lifts its lip to show teeth.
当狗微微地皱起嘴唇露出牙齿的时候，也是一个微妙的警告信号。
Also，flat tongues are relaxed; curved at the sides means there is tension.
狗舌头下垂，两边弯曲也意味着有意外情况。
"If a dog is on a child and you're pulling it off, you're making the wound on that child deeper, "Ms. Stilwell says.
Stilwell女士说:“狗正咬住一个小孩的时候，如果你试图把狗拉开，这将会使小孩被狗咬得更深。”
Instead, "take a coat or T-shirt and put it over the dog's head," she says.
相反，“应该拿一件外套或T恤蒙住狗的头。”她说。
When dogs can't see, they panic and open their mouths.Thank you.
狗看不见的时候会感到恐惧，嘴巴就松开了。谢谢。