1997年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解:TEXT4
日期:2014-07-04 15:14

(单词翻译:单击)

真题训练

No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.
The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats."
Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting. Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.
The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."

63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________.
[A] its raising of the corporate stock price
[B] its self-examination of soul
[C] its neglect of social responsibility
[D] its emphasis on creative freedom

64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
[A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.
[B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.
[C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.
[D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.

65. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman ________.
[A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression
[B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy
[C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection
[D] received more support from the 15-member board

66. The best title for this passage could be ________.
[A] A Company under Fire
[B] A Debate on Moral Decline
[C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture
[D] A Form of Creative Freedom
难句解析

难句解析:
①"Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"
▲这是一个有直接引语的复杂句。首先抓住核心句Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week,其前后是直接引语。这个直接引语的前半部分是一个一般疑问句,后面由两个转折关系的句子构成,由连词but连接。第一个分句是一个简单句,but后面的句子是一个一般疑问句。由情态动词must引导,包括由and这个连词连接的两个并列部分,corrupt our nation和threaten our children as well。在后面threaten out children as well这部分的主语you被省略了。
△关键要理解but后面的一般疑问句,这里并不是表示疑问,而是反问、诘问的意思。当并列复合句的第二个子句的主语与第一个子句的主语相同时,第二个子句的主语可以省略。as well这里是“in addition,also,too,也”的意思,经常用于句尾。
②It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
▲这是一个有定语从句的复杂句。阅读时首先注意主干为It is a self-examination...,that后面引导的是限定性定语从句,修饰self-examination,定语从句的宾语是一个of词组,其核心是issues,在介词of后面是三个并列的短语,都是用来修饰和限定issues的。这三个短语因为是并列的关系,所以只在最后一个短语前面使用并列连词and。at various times是插入语,将动词的两部分分开了。
△这句话的核心在于self-examination,后面的部分都是用于修饰这个词,要正确理解其意思是“自我反省,自我检讨”。而corporate bottom line所指的是一个公司所能做出的事情或者所能容忍的新闻工作者自由发挥的最大限度。
③The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression.
▲第一个句子是一个简单句。flap over rap是句子的主语,is making是谓语,使用了结构:make+n.+adj.。第二个句子也是一个简单句。
△第一句中的重点是掌握to make life easier这个表述方法,其它部分都是辅助这个短语的。另外,对于flap一词的理解也至关重要,在这里它的意思是“焦虑,兴奋状态”的意思。第二句中的主干是defend somebody on the grounds of something(为某种理由或手段为某人辩护)。expression这里的意思是the quality of singing or playing a musical instrument with feeling,即“表达方式、腔调”,尤指“雄辩的语调,富有表情的唱腔”。注意consistently是“一贯地,一向地”的意思,不要与constantly混淆。
④"The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."
▲这里直接引语被分成两部分,一部分在主句前,另一部分放在主句之后。在这个例子里面,直接引语是主句的宾语。直接引语的主干是The test... lies not in... but in..., however...,这是一个用副词however连接的并列复合句。
△阅读时可以先不看直接引语,可以在分别搞清楚主句和作为宾语从句的直接引语的意思后再把主句和直接引语放在一起理解,这样就比较容易了。另一方面,要理解however引导的句子的意思,在这里可以把其理解为“不管,不论”,在这种用法中,however一般后面接形容词。
⑤During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
▲句子的主干是Levin asserted that... that even cited...。During... stockholder's meeting这一部分是表示时间的状语从句。music is not the cause of society's ills是直接引语,作为动词asserted的宾语。his son是动词cited的宾语,后面的a teacher in the Bronx, New York是宾语his son的同位语,最后面的who uses rap to communicate with students是修饰his son的定语从句。
△这个句子比较长,但是只要抓住... Levin asserted that... and even cited...这样的句子主干,就能明晰Levin的主要观点,其它部分的理解也就水到渠成了。
⑥"I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."
▲I think...是这句话的主干,后面的部分是这句话的宾语从句。在宾语从句当中that引导一个同位语从句,说明case的具体情况是some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this。associated with相当于简略的定语从句,修饰前面的people。
△重点是要理解that引导的是同位语从句,后面的部分说明case的具体情况。名词fact,dream,idea,notion,proposal和news等等都常常被同位语从句所修饰。
试题解析

试题解析:
63. [C] 意为:它对社会责任的忽视。
第一段指出,没有哪个公司喜欢别人说它导致了全国道德败坏,多尔参议员所指责时代华纳公司的正是这一点。他说:难道这就是你们的经营目标吗,你们出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们也想毁了国家、危及我们的孩子吗?另从第三、四段来看,这里多尔所指责的正是该公司用它的音乐作品带来的社会影响,多尔认为这些音乐作品对社会和青少年有不良影响。
A意为:它将公司股价提高。从多尔所说的话来看,他关心的不是该公司的经济状况。
B意为:它对灵魂的自我检验。第一段第三句指出,对时代沃纳公司来说,多尔所质疑的问题只不过是公司自创立以来一直所进行的自我反省的最新表述,在公司发展的不同阶段,这一自我反省涉及(社会)责任、创作自由、公司利润(bottom line)。换言之,在公司的发展过程中,社会责任、创作自由、公司能否赚钱这三者之间的矛盾一直困扰着公司。根据公司董事长列文的话(见第三段),公司把创作自由放在了发展的首位。这造成了它对作品的社会影响的忽视,所以,后来列文改变态度以后,承认应该在创作自由和社会责任上寻找一个平衡点(见第四段)。可见,多尔参议员所指责的正是公司的所作所为带来的不良社会影响,这样他就击中了要害。
D意为:它对创作自由的强调。见上文分析。
64. [D] 回答这一问题主要涉及对第二段第一句中late的理解。
除其他意思外,该词有“前”,“已故的”等意思。一般来讲,该词加在人名或称呼前时译作“已故的”、如:the late Mr. Green已故格林先生,her late husband她的前夫(已故),若加在头衔前,则要据情况而译,如:the late president前总统(也可能已故,也可能仅指刚刚卸职)。第二段第一句可译为:处于争议中心的是董事长杰拉德•列文,他在1992年前董事长史蒂夫•罗斯去世后继任,今年56岁。
A意为:路斯是时代沃纳公司的发言人。在最后一段第二句,路斯仅被称作insider(内部人士,知情人士),他说:我们有些人多年来一直知道(宪法)第一修正案中所规定的自由并非是无限制的自由,我想可能公司的某些人最近才意识到这一点。他的话说明了公司领导内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上的不同看法、也暗含着对公司一贯政策(过于强调创作自由)的批评。可见,他并非公司指派的发言人,而仅代表自己。
B意为:列文倾向于妥协。根据第三段中列文所说的话,他是一个持强硬立场的人。他说:检验任何民主社会的标准不是看它如何严厉地控制(思想的)表达,而是看它是否给人以最大限度的思想和表达思想的自由。我们不会屈服于任何威胁。但是,在这次的争议中,虽然列文也在为公司发行的音乐作品争辩,但他也做出了某些程度的让步(参阅第四段第一句)。由此可见,列文并非是个易于妥协的人。
C意为:在这场争议中.时代沃纳公司团结一致。不对,例如上文所提到的路斯的观点。
65. [B] 意为:态度有所缓和,采取了某种新政策。
第四段指出,列文对上周的争议拒绝评价,但有迹象表明他正在放弃自己的强硬立场——至少在某种程度上可以这样说。在上月讨论摇滚乐歌词的董事会上,列文强调音乐并不引起社会丑恶现象,他甚至举了他儿子的例子。但是,他同时也谈到了创作自由与社会责任保持平衡的问题,他表示,公司将为音乐的发行和标识(labeling指:标识作品或产品的应用对象,如:是否适应于青少年使用等)制定标准。可见,列文在做出妥协姿态的同时,也采取了实际的行动。
A意为:坚持强硬立场保护思想表达自由。
C意为:改变其态度并向反对派屈服。与B表达的内容相比,C表达的内容语气太强。因为,正如第四段第一句所说的,列文仅做出了某种程度的让步(to some extent)。
D意为:获得了董事会15位成员更多的支持。虽然董事会一直支持列文及其公司经营战略,但在这次的争议中,意见出现了分歧。参阅第64题题解。
66. [A] 意为:遭到责难的公司。
从以上的分析可以看出,本文主要是评述了时代华纳公司因发行新音乐专辑而受到的责难及其反应。
B意为:一场关于道德败坏的争论。这个题目太宽泛。更何况,时代华纳公司所被指责的主要是它对社会责任的忽视,而并非它所发行的作品所带来的实际社会影响。
C意为:街头文化的合法表达(途径)。
D意为:一种表现创作自由的形式。
全文翻译

全文翻译:
没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。参议员罗伯特•多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说:“难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成?”不过,对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言,这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表白,是在不同时期涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省。
于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫•罗斯的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德•莱文是争论的焦点人物。财政方面,他承受着抬高股价,减少公司巨额债务的压力。在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后,债务将达到173亿美元。他也答应出售部分财产并重组公司,但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着。
人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过。莱文一向以它是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐。1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时,莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式,它应该有自己的宣泄途径。他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道:“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”
莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论,但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和。在上个月的股东会议上,大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论。莱文宣称“音乐不是社会问题的病因”,他甚至还以自己为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流。但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要“保持平衡”的问题。他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。
总的来说,时代华纳公司的15位董事是支持莱文和公司的经营策略的。但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧。“我们中的一些人多年来就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制,”鲁斯说,“我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”

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重点单词
  • emphasisn. 强调,重点
  • potentiallyadv. 潜在地
  • flapn. 拍打,拍打声,片状垂悬物(口袋盖等),副翼 v.
  • threatenv. 威胁,恐吓
  • qualityn. 品质,特质,才能 adj. 高品质的
  • unlimitedadj. 无限的,不受控制的,无条件的
  • defendedvt. 辩护;防护 vi. 保卫;防守
  • insidern. 局内人,知情人
  • stockn. 存货,储备; 树干; 血统; 股份; 家畜 adj
  • manifestationn. 显示,证明,示威运动