Jonathan Atwell, in Indiana University, is looking at how a range of animals respond to urban environments.
印第安纳大学的Jonathan Atwell正在研究一系列动物如何对城市环境做出反应。
He's found that when they're under stress,
他发现当它们面临压力的时候，
their endocrine systems react by reducing the amount of hormones such as corticosterone into their blood.
它们的内分泌系统会通过降低进入血液荷尔蒙的量来做出反应，比如说皮质酮。
It's a sensible-seeming adaptation.
这看起来是一个非常明智的适应方式。
A rat that gets scared every time a subway train rolls past won't be very successful.
每次地铁车轮轰轰而过之时都会害怕的老鼠是不会很成功的。
There's just one more study I'd like to mention which is by Sarah Partan and her team,
我还想说一下另外一个研究，这个研究是Sarah Partan和她的团队做的，
and they've been looking at how squirrels communicate in an urban environment.
他们在研究松鼠是如何在城市环境中进行沟通。
And they've found that a routine part of their communication is carried out by waving their tails.
结果发现松鼠沟通中的很常规的一部分就是摆动它们的尾巴。
You do also see this in the country, but it's much more prevalent in cities,
你也能在乡村地区看到，但是在城市会更加普遍，
possibly because it's effective in a noisy environment.
可能是因为在一个嘈杂的环境中，这种方式更加有效。
So what are the long-term implications of this?
所以，这种方式的长期结果会是什么呢？
One possibility is that we may see completely new species developing in cities.
一种可能性就是我们可能看到城市地区在发展着全新的物种。
But on the other hand, it's possible that not all of these adaptations will be permanent.
但是在另一方面，也有可能不是所有的适应都是永久的。
Once the animal's got accustomed to its new environment, it may no longer need the features it's developed.
一旦动物适应了它的新环境，它可能不再需要它发展出的这些新特征了。
So, now we've had a look...
所以，我们现在知道...