阅读试题

Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?

First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.

Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) : stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.

After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy(策略) for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.

Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.

There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student co-operation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves". Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

阅读试题

50. This article is mainly about______.

A. the lives of school children

B. the cause of arguments in schools

C. how to analyze youth violence

D. how to deal with school conflicts

51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that______.

A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime

B. a small conflict can lead to violence

C. students tend to lose their temper easily

D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight

52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?

A. To find out who is to blame.

B. To get ready to try new things.

C. To make clear what the real issue is.

D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match.

53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that______.

A. there was a decrease in classroom violence

B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom

C. more teachers felt better about themselves in schools

D. the teacher-student relationship greatly improved

54. The writer's purpose for writing this article is to______.

A. complain about problems in school education

B. teach students different strategies for school life

C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools

D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence

参考译文

两个朋友之间有争论会永远破坏他们之间的友谊，即使没有一方能记住这一切是怎么开始的。这样悲伤的事情在全国各地的高中一次又一次地发生。事实上，根据官方的一份关于青少年暴力的报告显示，“今天在我们国家，对儿童和青少年的生命来说最大的威胁不是疾病、饥饿或遗弃，而是暴力：这个可怕的现实”。鉴于这种情况，为什么不教给学生处理冲突的方法就像教他们解决数学、汽车驱动以及保持身体健康的问题一样？

首先，学生们需要意识到冲突是不可避免的。一则报道初中和高中学生暴力的报告表明，学生之间的暴力事件大多数由相对较小的侮辱引起的。例如，暴力事件可能由一个学生每顿午餐都吃花生酱三明治而引发。对三明治的嘲笑可能会导致侮辱，反过来这些侮辱可能会导致的暴力问题。三明治不是问题，有问题的是学生处理冲突的方式。

一旦学生意识到冲突是不可避免的，那么他们就可以反复实践解决冲突的黄金法则：保持冷静。一旦学生非常冷静了，那么他或她就会选择能让对方冷静下来的语言。粗鲁的话、骂人的话以及谴责指控只能使火上浇油。另一方面，在一个正常的声级范围内，轻言细语能在情绪失控前将怒火扑灭。

在双方都冷静下来后，他们可以采用另一种重要的策略来解决冲突，那就是倾听。倾听要求双方相互理解。一个人叙述他或她所在一方的观点，而另一个人则认真倾听，不打扰他或她的叙述。之后，倾听者可以问一些没有威胁性的问题来澄清说话者的立场。然后两人互换角色。

最后，学生需要考虑他们所听到的内容。这并不意味着试图找出对方的不足。这意味着理解真正的问题是什么，以及双方都努力达到的目标是什么。例如，一场口水战可能会围绕一片花生酱三明治发生，因为某一个人认为对方不愿尝试新事物。学生需要问自己这样的问题：这是怎么开始的？我真正想要的是什么？我害怕什么？当这一问题变得更加清晰时，冲突常常会变得更小更简单。即使不是这样，仔细地思考也能帮助双方找到一个共同的解决方案。

在学校里总是会有冲突的，但这并不意味着需要暴力。在亚特兰大的学生启动冲突解决项目后，根据“教育工作者的社会责任”报导，“64%的老师称在课堂上减少了体罚，75%的老师称促进了学生合作，92%的学生自我感觉良好”。学习解决冲突可以帮助学生处理朋友、老师、父母、老板、和同事之间的关系。这样的话，冲突解决方法是一项基本的生活技能，它应该在全国所有的学校中教授。

答案解析

50. D 考查主旨大意。从文章第一段中的…is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. . .以及下文提到的First of all... Once students... After both sides have calmed down... Finally, students...可知，该文主要介绍了帮助学生正确处理校园冲突事件的方法，所以选D项。

51. B 考查逻辑推理。从第二段中的... begin with a relatively minor insult....可知，很多时候校园暴力常起受因于一件小事。接下来作者所举的例子也是来说明这一点的，故选B项。

52. C 考查逻辑推理。从第五段中的... It means understanding what the real issues and what both sides are trying to accomplish...可知，学生自问问题的目的是让自己明白真正的症结所在，而不是只关注对方的过错，由此推断C项是最佳答案。

53. A 考查事实细节。从第六段中的... 64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom. . .可知，亚特兰大实施了该校园冲突解决方案后，暴力行为有所减少，学生之间的合作加强了，所以选A项。

54. C 考查写作意图。从文章第一段中的…Given that this is the case. . .和最后一段中的 Learning to resolve conflicts can help. . . In that way, conflict solution is a basic life skill that should be taught...并结合全文可知，本文作者主要提倡在学校教授冲釦突处理手段，所以答案为C项。