(单词翻译:单击)
Passage One
短文一
A new study has found a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their parents' stress levels.
一项新的研究发现，儿童看电视的时间长短与父母的压力水平呈正相关。
Why?
为什么？
Because the more television kids watch, the more they're exposed to advertising.
因为儿童看的电视越多，他们接触到的广告就越多。
The more advertising they see, the more likely they are to insist on purchasing items when they go with their parents to the store.
他们看到的广告越多，和父母一起去商店时，就越有可能非要买东西。
This could generate conflict if the parents refuse.
如果父母拒绝他们，就可能会产生冲突。
All that, researchers say, can contribute to parents' overall stress levels.
研究人员说，这些都会提高父母的整体压力水平。
What's the solution?
解决方案是什么？
Perhaps the most obvious is curtailing screen time.
也许最显而易见的就是减少儿童看电视的时间。
Commercial content is there for a reason - to elicit purchasing behavior.
商业广告存在的原因就是刺激购买行为。
So parents might want to shut off the TV.
因此，家长们可能想关掉电视。
Researchers concede that this is easier said than done.
研究人员承认，这说起来容易做起来难。
So they suggest another option.
因此，他们提出了另一种选择。
Parents can change how they talk to their kids about purchases.
父母可以改变他们与儿童谈论购物的方式。
The researchers suggest that parents seek input from their children on family purchasing decisions.
研究人员建议父母在家庭购买决策上寻求子女的意见。
They shouldn't try to control all purchases.
父母不应该试图掌控所有物品的购买权力。
Instead, parents might tell their children things like "I will listen to your advice on certain products or brands."
相反，父母可以这样对他们的孩子说：“我会听取你对某些产品或品牌的建议。”
This type of communication, the researchers assert, can lead to children making fewer purchasing demands.
研究人员认为，这种类型的交流可以降低儿童的购买欲望。
That means less parents' stress.
也就意味着父母的压力会减少。
However, the protective effect of this kind of communication diminishes with greater exposure to television.
然而，随着儿童越来越多地接触电视，这种交流的保护作用就会减弱。
This is because advertising aimed at children is especially persuasive.
这是因为针对儿童的广告特别有吸引力。
Advertisers use an assortment of tactics, such as bright colors, happy music and celebrity endorsements to appeal to children.
广告商使用各种策略来吸引儿童，比如鲜艳的颜色、欢快的音乐和名人代言。
Plus, children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent.
此外，儿童缺乏完全理解广告意图的认知能力。
That makes them particularly vulnerable to advertisements.
这让他们特别容易受到广告的影响。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
请根据你听到的文章回答问题9至问题11。
Q9: What has the new study found about children watching television?
问题9：这项新研究发现了儿童看电视的什么问题？
Q10: What are parents advised to do to reduce the impact of TV commercials?
问题10：研究人员建议家长做些什么来减少电视广告对儿童的影响？
Q11: What makes children particularly vulnerable to TV commercials?
问题11：是什么让儿童特别容易受到电视广告的影响？
