Lesson 18
第18课
genetic
a. 遗传（学）的 n. (-s)遗传学
More and more doctors believe that cancer is a genetic disease.
越来越多医生认为癌症是遗传病。
imitation
n. 模仿；仿制品；赝品
An artist who can only give imitation of others' styles will not achieve acclaim.
一个只会模仿他人风格的艺术家是不会获得人们称赞的。
hierarchy
n. 等级制度；统治集团，领导层
The Supreme Court is the head of a hierarchy of federal courts.
最高法院是联邦法院等级系统中的最高机构。
impair
vt. 损害，削弱
Over 200,000 babies are born in the U.S. each year with deformed bodies and impaired minds because of defective genes.
由于基因有缺陷，每年美国有超过20万新生婴儿身体畸形、智力受损。
impetus
n. 推动，促进，刺激；推动力
The reform and opening-up policy is the primary impetus behind China's economic recovery.
改革开放政策是促进中国经济恢复的主要推动力。
necessitate
vt. 使成为必要，需要
The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply.
人口的增加需要更多的食物供应。
layman
n. 外行
Doctors sometimes confuse laymen with their jargon.
医生有时用专门术语把外行人弄得稀里糊涂。
maneuver/manoeuvre
n. 谨慎而熟练的动作；策略；(pl.)演习 v. 设法使变动位置；（敏捷或巧妙地）操纵，耍花招
manuscript
n. 手稿，原稿，底稿；手写本
Unfortunately, parts of the original manuscript were lost in the fire.
不幸的是，部分原稿在大火中被烧毁了。
offset
vt. 补偿，抵消
He has to offset his small salary by living economically.
他以节俭的生活来抵消其微薄的收入。
perfection
n. 完美
serial
n. 连续剧，连载故事 a. 连续的，顺序排列的
Jing Yong's Kongfu novels often appear as serial novels in newspapers.
金庸的武侠小说经常以连载小说的形式出现在报纸上。
periodic
a. 周期的，定期的，时而发生的
There is such an orchestra in the Caucasus. All of the members are more than 100 years old. They rehearse regularly and give periodic concerts.
高加索确实有这样一个乐团。乐团的所有成员都在百岁以上，他们定期排练并定期开音乐会。
recycle
vt. 回收利用
Often substantial energy savings are achieved by recycling waste materials.
在很多情况下能源节省是通过回收再利用废旧材料达到的。
permissible
a. 许可的
The prison governor said what the prisoner requested was unfortunately not permissible.
监狱长说囚犯的请求不大可能得到批准。
aggravate
vt. 加重；激怒
His bad temper was aggravated by his headache.
头痛使他的坏脾气变得越来越糟糕。
aggregate
n. 总数，合计 a.合计的 vt. 合计；使聚集，使积聚
Unit sales for December amounted in the aggregate to 100,000.
12月份的单位销售量总数达到10万。
staple
n. 订书钉；主食；主要产品 vt. 用订书钉订 a. 主要的；经常需要（或使用）的
Bananas and sugar are the staples of Jamaica.
香蕉和蔗糖是牙买加的主要产品。
affiliate
vt. 使隶属于 n. 附属机构
The Radcliffe College is affiliated with Harvard University. The Harvard faculty provides all instructions, and Radcliffe graduates receive Harvard degrees.
Radcliffe学院附属于哈佛大学。哈佛教师担任所有的教学工作，其毕业生获哈佛授予的学位。
blaze
vi. 熊熊燃烧，着火；发（强）光；迸发 n. 火焰；强烈（或眩目）的光；迸发；灿烂
If we put some paper on the fire, it will soon burst into a blaze.
如果把纸放在火上，就会马上烧出火焰。
clarity
n. 清楚，明晰
I'm greatly impressed by the clarity of the sea water in Hainan.
海南清澈的海水给我留下了深刻的印象。
clearance
n. 净空；许可（证）；清算；清除
At the turn of seasons, there is usually a clearance sale of some goods in almost every store.
在季节交替的时候，几乎所有商店通常都对某些商品清仓大减价。
designate
vt. 指派；标出
A special committee was designated by the UN to mediate the conflict between Palestine and Israel.
联合国指派了一个特别委员会去调停巴勒斯坦和以色列的冲突。
diagnose
vt. 诊断
If cancer is diagnosed in its early stages, it can be cured.
癌症如果在初期诊断出来就可能治愈。
embed
vt. 把…嵌入，扎牢；使深留脑中
Hegemonism has been embedded in the mind of some American politicians.
霸权主义思想已深深印入某些美国政客脑海。
federation
n. 联合会；联邦
The United States is a federation of fifty individual states.
美国是由50个州组成的联邦。
embody
vt. 使具体化，体现；包括，包含
The new marriage law of our country embodies some changed legal provisions.
我国新的婚姻法有些条文做了改动。
hitherto
ad. 到目前为止，迄今
The printing press made books available to people hitherto unable to afford them.
印刷机使以前买不起书的人们能买得起书。
implicit
a. 含蓄的；（in）固有的；无疑问的
The leader has implicit trust in his secretary.
这位领导对自己的秘书绝对信任。
plausible
a. 似有道理的
nonetheless
ad. 尽管如此
The main stream of the world's situation is peace; nonetheless, local conflicts never stop.
尽管世界形势的主流是和平，但是地区冲突从来就没有停止过。
inaugurate
vt. 开始；为…举行就职典礼；为…举行开幕式
American presidents are always inaugurated on January 20th.
美国总统总是在1月20日宣誓就职。
incidence
n. 发生率
pore
n. 毛孔，细孔 vi. （over）仔细阅读，审视
Before signing a contract you should pore over every clause in case you are fooled.
签合同前应仔细审读合同的每一条款，以防万一上当受骗。
finite
a. 有限的，有限制的；限定的
We must save energy because the natural resources of the earth are finite.
我们必须节约能源，因为地球的自然资源是有限的。
referee
n. 裁判员；证明人；仲裁者 v. 当裁判
In a football match, one referee and two linesmen shall be appointed to officiate in each game.
足球比赛中，每场比赛任命一名裁判员、两名巡边员执行裁判任务。
marginal
a. 微小的；仅以微弱多数票获胜的；记在页边的
shepherd
n. 牧羊人 vt. 带领
The passengers were shepherded across the tarmac to the airliner.
乘客们被引导走过跑道登机。
poke
vt. 戳，捅；用…戳（或捅）；伸出，突出 vi. 伸出 n. 戳，捅
Passengers are not allowed to poke their heads out of the windows when the bus is moving.
公共汽车开动时，乘客不要将头伸出窗外。
shaft
n. 柄，杆；（光的）束；轴；竖井，升降井
The shaft of an arrow is made of alloy material.
箭杆是用合金材料制作的。
thereafter
ad. 之后，以后
In dialing a local call, the first three minutes will cost you 0.5 yuan; thereafter, each minute will cost 0.1 yuan.
打市内电话头三分钟为0.5元，以后每分钟为0.1元。
thrill
n. 兴奋；引起激动的事物 v. （使）非常兴奋
It's really a pity that the Chinese football team has never thrilled the fans these years.
中国足球队近年来从未让球迷兴奋过，真是令人遗憾。
update
vt. 更新，使现代化 n. 最新信息
We have to update the English textbooks, because they are too obsolete to students.
我们必须更新英语教材，因为它们太过时了，不能满足学生的要求。
shuttle
n. 短程穿梭运行的飞机；航天飞机；梭子 vi. 穿梭般来回 vt. 短程穿梭运送
With a modern transportation network between Guangzhou and Shenzhen, trains and buses and lorries shuttle passengers and goods across the two cities.
广州与深圳间建有现代化交通网络，火车、大巴和卡车穿梭于两市运送乘客和货物。
wedge
n. 楔（子） vt. 把…楔牢，塞入
The people wedged me into the corner when the movie was over.
电影结束时人们把我挤到角落里。
alleviate
vt. 缓解
Chinese medical researchers have successfully developed a new medicine to alleviate the cancer patients' suffering.
中国医学研究人员已成功地研制出一种缓解癌症病人痛苦的新药。
bonus
n. 奖金；额外给予的东西
To some degree bonus is an effective way to motivate the workers.
从某种程度上来说，奖金是调动工作积极性的一种有效方法。
coherent
a. 条理清楚的，连贯的；一致的，协调的
We should try to be as coherent as possible whenever we speak or write in English.
我们无论何时用英语说话或写作，都应该尽可能地做到条理清楚。
collaboration
n. 合作；勾结
Football is a collective game. Members of a team have to work in close collaboration in order to win a match.
足球是集体项目。要赢得比赛，队员就必须紧密配合。
comet
n. 彗星
Newly discovered comets are now named after the famous figures proposed by the discoverers.
新发现的彗星是以其发现者所推荐的名人的名字来命名的。
differentiate
vi. （between）区别 vt. 区别；使不同
Men are differentiated from animals in that men can use tools.
人与动物的区别在于人能够使用工具。
detain
vt. 拘留，扣留；留住，耽搁
The police detained the man to make further inquiries.
警方拘留了那个人，以便进一步查问。
entail
vt. 使承担，使成为必要，需要
The construction of the Three Gorges Project entails large migration.
三峡工程建设需要大规模移民。
fixture
n. (常pl.)（房屋等的）固定装置；固定在某位置的人（或物）
A washing basin is a fixture in the bathroom.
洗脸盆是卫生间的固定装置。
entity
n. 实体，独立存在体，实际存在物
The southern Cantonese culture is a separate cultural entity.
岭南文化是一个单独的文化实体。
inclusive
a. 包括一切的
The Chinese Football Team consists of 30 people, inclusive of the doctors and the interpreter.
中国足球队包括队医和翻译在内共由30人组成。
flare
vi. （火焰）闪耀；突然发怒（或激动） n. 闪光信号，照明弹
A signal flare is usually shot when troops make a sudden attack at night.
部队夜间发动突然袭击时通常发射信号弹。
gracious
a. 和蔼的；优美的，雍容华贵的 int.天哪！
Queen Elizabeth II almost always appears in the public with a gracious smile.
伊丽莎白二世女王在公共场合出现时几乎总是面带和蔼的笑容。
hose
n. （橡皮等制的）软管；连裤袜 vt. 用软管淋浇
For the sake of safety, all tall buildings must be equipped with hoses.
为了安全起见，高层建筑必须安装消防水龙头。
dilute
vt. 稀释，冲淡 a. 稀释的，冲淡的
The nurse diluted the drug with saline water.
护士用生理盐水把药加以稀释。
incur
vt. 招致
The American bombing to the Chinese embassy in Yugoslavia incurred strong condemnation from many countries.
美国对中国驻南斯拉夫大使馆的轰炸遭到许多国家的强烈谴责。
medieval
a. 中世纪的，中古的
Jeffery Chaucer was a medieval British poet, considered by the British people as "the father of poetry".
乔叟是中世纪英国诗人，被英国人视为"诗歌之父"。
norm
n. 标准；(常pl.)准则
The U.S. usually uses dual norms to judge the human rights in other countries.
美国总是用双重标准来评价别国的人权。
optimum
a. 最合适的，最优的，最佳的
Scientists are now trying to find out whether there is optimum environment for life in the outer space.
科学家正在努力探测外层空间是否有适合生命生长的环境。
lever
n. 杠杆；途径，手段 vt. （用杠杆）撬动
Democrats used popular opinion as a lever to get the Act through the Congress.
民主党人用舆论压力作为杠杆促使该法案在国会获得通过。
situated
a. 位于…的，坐落在…的；处于…境地的
Wuhan City is situated in the center of China.
武汉市位于中国的中部。
portray
vt. 描写，描绘；扮演，饰演
Vicki Zhao portrayed a very ugly person in the film Shaolin Football.
赵薇在电影《少林足球》中扮演一个奇丑无比的人。
posture
n. 姿势；看法 vi.摆出（不自然的）姿势，装模作样
An arrogant person usually assumes a posture of superiority.
傲慢的人通常摆出一副高人一等的样子。
simulate
vt. 模仿，模拟；假装，冒充
Simulated English tests may not always accurately reflect one's true proficiency and skills.
英语模拟考试不一定总能准确地反映一个人的真实水平和技能。
remnant
n. 残留部分
We must get rid of the remnants of the feudal thought.
我们必须消除封建思想的残余。
analogy
n. 类比
In physiology class the teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and the pump.
在生理学课上老师打了个比方，将人的心脏比作水泵。
analytic(al)
a. 分析的，分析法的
Chinese is an analytical language which depends on the invariable roots and word order to indicate its grammatical relations.
汉语是分析型语言，其语法关系取决于不变的词根和词序。
whereby
ad. 借以
We need this system whereby a new plan may arise.
我们需要这种可能借以产生新计划的制度。
bruise
n. 青肿；（水果等的）伤痕 vt. 使受淤伤；挫伤，伤害（感情等）
It is strange that girls are much easier to bruise their skin than boys.
很奇怪，女孩子的皮肤总是比男孩子们更容易被碰青肿。
slack
a. 懈怠的，马虎的；萧条的；松（弛）的 n. （绳索等）松弛部分；(pl.)宽松裤 vi. 懈怠
Those who are slack in their work will never have a chance to be successful.
干活马虎的人永远都不会成功。
commute
vi. 经常乘车（或船等）往返于两地 vt. 减（刑）；折合 n. 上下班交通
If you buy an apartment in the suburbs, you'll have to commute by bus between your home and your office in the downtown.
如果在郊区买房子的话，就要乘公共汽车上下班。
toxic
a. 有毒的
This medicine is toxic if taken in large quantities.
这种药若服用过量是有毒的。
slot
n. 狭缝，狭槽；位置，空位 vt. 把…放入狭长开口中；把…纳入其中
If you want to draw money from the ATM, just insert the magnetic card into the slot and enter your pin number.
如果想从自动取款机里取钱，只要将磁卡插入插卡口，输入你的密码即可。
tile
n. 瓦，瓷砖 vt. 铺瓦于，贴瓷砖于
We use tiles to cover roofs and sometimes floors and walls.
我们用瓦片盖房顶，有时也用瓷砖铺地面和墙面。
vent
n. 通风口；（衣服底部的）开衩 vt. 表达，发泄（情感等）
The news that the U.S. will cut down its financial aid to Korea has taken vent.
美国将削减对韩国的经济援助的消息被泄露了。