(单词翻译:单击)
Okay, everyone, today I'm going to tell you about the development of the American educational system.
好了，同学们，今天我要给你们讲一讲美国教育体系的形成过程。
The first American schools opened during the Colonial Era.
美国第一批学校在殖民时代开设。
As the colonies began to develop, many began to establish education schemes.
随着殖民地的发展，很多学校开始制定教学计划。
In 1642, the Massachusetts Bay Colony made "proper" education compulsory.
1642年，马萨诸塞湾殖民地规定了“适当的”义务教育。
Similar laws were accepted in other colonies in the 1640s and 1650s.
17世纪40年代至50年代，一些其他的殖民地也制定了相似的法律。
Almost all of the schools that opened as a result of this were private.
因此类法律而建立的学校大多都是私立学校。
Most of the universities which appeared between 1640 and 1750 form the Ivy League,
1640至1750年间兴起的常春藤联盟
including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Brown, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and several others.
包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学、布朗大学、普林斯顿大学、宾夕法尼亚大学等。
After the revolution, an even heavier emphasis was put on education.
工业革命之后，教育更加受到重视。
This made the United States have one of the highest literacy rates of the time.
这使得美国成为当时公民文化教育程度最高的国家。
The school systems remained largely private and unorganized until the 1840s.
直到18世纪40年代美国教育系统仍在很大程度上处于私立、无组织的状态。
Education reformers such as Horace Mann of Massachusetts began calling for public education systems for all.
包括马萨诸塞州霍瑞斯·曼在内的教育改革倡导者们呼吁将教育系统针对全民公共化。
He helped to create a statewide system of "common schools,"
他帮助创建了全国范围内的“公共学校”系统，
which referred to the belief that everyone was given the same rights in education.
其主要信条是每个人都应享有同等受教育的权利。
These early efforts focused mainly on elementary education.
这些早期的努力重点放在了初级教育阶段。
The common-school movement began to catch on.
随后公共学校运动大受欢迎。
By 1900, 31 states required 8-to-14-year-olds to attend school.
到1990年，有31个州要求其8-14岁的儿童接受义务教育。
In 1918, every state required students to complete elementary school.
到了1918年，美国所有州要求学生完成小学教育。
Lessons consisted of students reading aloud from their texts,
课程包括大声朗读课文，
such as the McGuffery Readers, and emphasis was placed on rote memorization.
比如《麦加菲读本》。当时的教育重点在于死记硬背。
Teachers often used physical punishments for incorrect answers.
学生回答错问题通常会受到老师的体罚。
Secondary education progressed much more slowly, remaining the province of the rich and domain of private tutors.
中学教育的发展十分缓慢，一直局限于比较富裕的省份和私人家教的方式。
In 1870, only 2% of 14-to-17-year-olds graduated from high school.
到1870年，14-17岁的孩子当中高中毕业的人数只占2%。
It was obvious that the introduction of strict child labor laws
显然，严格的童工保护法的施行
and growing acceptance of higher education in general in the early 20th century caused the number of high school graduates to rise quickly.
和人们对于20世纪早期高等教育的接受程度整体的提升促使高中毕业生人数大量增长。
Most states passed laws which increased the age for compulsory school attendance to 16.
很多州通过了法律将义务教育年限延长至16岁。
Question 23. Which of the following universities belongs to the Ivy League?
问题23 以下哪所大学属于常春藤联盟？
Question 24. What did Horace Mann call for?
问题24 霍瑞斯·曼倡导什么？
Question 25. What led to the quick progress of secondary education later?
问题25 什么促进了中学教育的发展？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
