阅读试题

A study published in the New England journal of Medicine estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not grave; fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation （换气过度) are the most frequent complaints, But 13% of them-roughly four a day-are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble (46%), strokes and other neurological problems (18%), and difficult breathing (6%).

Let's face it: plane riders are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand-as much as 30%+ Again, most people won't notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you've recently had an operation, your wound could open. And if' a medical device has been implanted in your body-a splint, a tracheotomy（气管切开术）tube or a catheter (导管)-it could expand and cause injury.

Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(深静脉血栓)-the so-called economy-class syndrome, When you sit too long in a cramped position. the blood in our legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible,

Whatever you do, don't panic. Things are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers' aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them"good Samaritan" protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators (电击去颤器) to treat heart attacks.

Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 it. or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, you'll probably do just fine, Having a doctor close by doesn't hurt, either.

参考译文

一项刊登在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的研究估计，美国的航班平均每天发生30起飞行中的医疗急症。大多数情况并不严重，最常见的症状包括晕厥、头昏目眩及换气过度。[16]但是其中13%——每天约4起——症状非常严重，因而迫使飞行员改变航向。最常见的严重突发状况包括心脏病（46%）、中风和其他神经系统疾病(18%)以及呼吸困难(6%)。

让我们面对现实吧：飞机乘客很紧张。对于初次乘坐飞机的人而言。高空机舱内进置的压力大约相当于海拔5000-8000英尺的气压水平。大多数人能轻松地承受这样的压力，但是有心脏病的乘客可能会因为流经血液的氧气减少而感觉胸痛。[17]低气压也可能导致体腔内的空气膨胀——最大时可膨胀30%。此外，大多数人除了轻微的胃部痉挛外不会有其他感觉。但如果你刚动过手术，伤口可能会裂开。如果你体内植入了医疗器材——如夹板、气管切开套管或导管——这些东西可能套膨胀，并导致受伤。

[18]飞行中常见的另一种毛病是深静脉血栓形成——即所谓的经济舱综合征。长时间坐在狭窄的住置上，腿部的血液容易结块。大部分人只会感觉小腿酸痛。但血栓不经治疗，可能转移至肺部，引起呼吸困难，甚至死亡，保持血流通畅。尽可能多走动并伸展腿部，就可以轻松预防血栓。

无论做什么都不要惊慌。飞行中患症的状况正在好转。[19]过去抢救乘客的医生曾担心会被起诉，自从1998年颁布的《航空医疗救助法案》为医生们提供了“乐善好施”称号的保护，大致消除了医生们的担心。最近的立法规定，至少有一名以上服务员的航班开始配备急救医疗包，内有对付心脏病突发的自动电击去颤器。

你还在怀疑自己身体是否足够健康而可以来坐飞机吗？[20]如果你走150英尺的路，或爬上一段楼梯而不会气喘吁吁，那你可能没问题。当然，身边有个医生也不是什么坏事。

测试题

16.Heart disease takes up about__________of the in-flight medical emergencies on US flights.

A) 13%

B) 460/o

C) 18%

D) 6%

17.According to the passage, the expansion of air in body cavities can result in____________.

A) heart attack

B) chest pain

C) stomach cramping

D) difficult breathing

18.According to the passage, why does deep venous thrombosis usually happen?

A) Because the economy class is not spacious enough.
B) Because there are too many economy-class passengers.
C) Because passengers are not allowed to walk during the flight.
D) Because the low pressure in the cabin prevents blood flowing smoothly.

19.According to the J998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act, Doctors who came to passengers' aid__________.

A) do not have to be worried even if they give the patients improper treatment
B) will not be submitted to legal responsibility even if the patients didn't recover
C) are assisted by advanced emergency medical kits
D) will be greatly respected by the patient and the crew

20.The phrase "getting winded" (Line 2. Para. 5) is closest in meaning to____________.

A) falling over

B) being out of breath

C) spraining the ankle

D) moving in a curving line

选项翻译与答案详解

16.[D]根据首段末句，心脏病占飞行中医疗重症的46%；而根据倒数第2句，重症在美国所有飞行中的医疗急症中占13%。结合这两句可知，心脏病应占所有急症中13%的46%，即约6%，因此选项D为本题答案。

17.[C]第2段第4句提到了“体腔内空气膨胀”，接下来三句分别列出了这种现象可能导致的三种病症，其中选项C在第5句提到，为本题答案。

18.[A]第3段末句建议乘客有机会就多运动或伸展腿部，由此可以推断该段第2句中的cramped表明经济舱的空间狭窄，因此选项A为本题答案。

19.[B]倒数第2段第3句提到，医生担心他们给予病人的医疗援助一旦出现意外就会遭到起诉，而这种害怕自从1998年《航空医疗救助法案》颁布后，在某种程度上就消失了，由此可推断，Aviation Medical Assistance Act让医生在出现意外时能避免承担法律资任，即选项B为本题答案。

20.[B]末段第2句指出了测试身体是否足够健康去乘坐飞机的方法，结合全文中提到的飞机中气压低、含氧量低的特点，可以推断getting winded应指“喘气”。即选项B。