阅读试题

To fully understand the concept of the "Paperless Office",one must understand what it conceptually was supposed to mean,as well as what it has evolved into as its current form.Early forms of the paperless office would have concentrated around word processing documents and the ability to create,store and manage their existence electronically.However,you were limited in scope as to what you could do to"manage"these documents.Most of the management revolved around viewing and perhaps sharing it with other users in the organization.There were no automated programs that handled workflow,scanning,tagging and management of these documents effectively.Scanners were (at a cost-effective price)too expensive for the average office to acquire based on the return on investment.At the corporate level,there was no direction as to handle workflow and to analyze where paper came from and where it had to go internally and if there was a process in place,the tools were not mature enough or existing to handle it.

In the last few years,technology has finally been catching up to the needs and requirements of the office environment.Scanners that previously cost tens of thousands of dollars now can be acquired for hundreds.Digital copiers/printers now incorporate high speed scanning and OCR capability,even at the lowest levels.The technology initiative has now been transferred to the IT and MIS departments of corporations as well as law firms.Clearly,the tools necessary to transform paper-full to a paperless office are now widely available.What then,is stopping the widespread adoption of the concept of the paperless office?Cultural issues are probably one of the largest obstructions to the implementation of the concept of the paperless office.Plainly,people feel comfortable doing what they know how to do best(shuffle paper around)and modifying theirhabits requires a focus that makes them feel that they are,in fact,doing things better and more efficiently.Implementing a paperless office environment that introduces processes that are more difficult and technologically challenging than the previous environment is doomed to fail from the start,Keep all processes simple,introdu ce technology that is easy to learn and use,and document the workflow.

参考译文

要想全面理解“无纸化办公”的概念，就不仅要理解该概念究竟是如何演变成目前的形式，还必须要理解该概念原本的含义。早期的无纸化办公原本是以文字处理文档为中心，侧重以电子的形式创建、储存和管理这些文档。然而，谈到该如何“管理”这些文档时，你就在范围方面受到限制了。大多数管理层的人员传阅它们，并且也许还和公司里的其他人员共事。但是，[l]并没有什么自动化的应用程序可以有效地处理这些文档的有关流程、扫描、做标记以及管理。[2]按照投入产出比来，对于普通的办公室来说（以合算的价格）购置扫描仪还是太贵了。在公司层面，对于如何处理工作流程，分析公司内部文件从何而来、向何处去，根本就没有相应的规定。就算有相应的程序，相关手段也还不太成熟，或者缺少相应的手段来处理它。

在过去的几年里终于出现了可以满足办公环境的需要和要求的技术。过去，扫描仪的价格是好几万美元，而今只要几百美元就可以了。数码复印机，打印机现在可以把高速扫描和光学字符识别(OCR)能力结合起来，甚至最低端的产品也可以做到这一点。这种技术创新如今不仅用于律师事务所，也已应用于公司的信息技术(IT)部门和管理情报系统(MIS)部门。显然，把完全是纸质办公转化为无纸化办心所必须的工具现在已经是随处可得了。[3]那么，是什么在阻碍人们广泛采取无纸化办公的概念呢？[4]也许，妨碍无纸化办公概念实施的最大障碍之一是文化上的因素。坦率地说，人们在做自己知道该如何做得最好的事情（把纸张移来移去）的时候，会觉得很轻松自如；而改变自己的习惯需要一个关注点，让他们感觉自己实际上确实是做得更好或者效率更高。[5]创建无纸化办公的环境需要引入一些比原先的工作环境更难、技术上更有挑战性的流程，因而从一开始就是注定要失败的。让所有程序简单化，引进容易学习和使用的技术，对工作流程作详细记录吧。

测试题

1.What did the early forms of paperless office lack for efficient management?

2.Scanners used not to be considered worthwhile when a company considers its_________________.

3.It is implied that the concept of the paperless office is now adopted on a______________________scale.

4.It is found that most people refuse the concept of the paperless office due to____________________factor.

5.What does the author think about the processes of the paperless office environment in comparison with the paper-full office environment?

答案详解

1.[Automated programs.]
[定位]根据efficient management查找到首段第5句。

解析：首段主要讲述早期无纸化办公的特点，其中第5句There were no automated programs that handled... management... effectively.表明automated programs对高效管理至关重要，而早前的无纸化办公缺少的恰巧就是这个。因此automated programs为本题答案。

2.[return on investment]
[定位]根据Scanners查找到首段第6句。

解析：原文该句中的based on...用于表达要从哪个因素出发考虑扫描仪是否值得购买，从该句可知return on investment就是要考虑的因素，为本题答案。

3.[small]
[定位]根据the concept of the paperless office和aolopted查找到第2段第6句。

解析：原文该句表明无纸化办公的概念未能被“广泛”采用，换句话说，这个概念只在“小范围”内被采用，即on a small scale，因此small为本题答案。

4.[cultural]
[定位]根据refuse查找到第2段第7句。

解析：原文该句表明文化方面的问题是无纸化办公难以实施的最大阻碍，可见本题答案应为“文化”因素，即cultural。

5.[More difficult and technologically challenging.]
[定位]根据processes和paperless office environment查找到第2段倒数第2句。

解析：原文该句比较了paperless office environment和the previous environment，而根据上文可以推断the previous environment指的就是paper-full office environment,因此，原文定语从句中的比较点more difficult and technologically challenging为本题答案。