阅读试题

Passage 19
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to.” says Dr. David.
The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis can be _1_ to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal _2_ from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced _3_ to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even _4_ they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5，8 or even more to feel ideally _5_.”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the _6_ of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least _7_ item on the agenda. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you say you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack _8_ and ambition.”
To assess the _9_ of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them. “We’ve found that if you’re sleep-deprived, performance _10_,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is impaired, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
A) consequences B) complexity C) ingenious D) dramatically
E) suffers F) tracked G) realize H) expensive
I) slightly J) traced K) detaches L) vigorous
M) inspiration N) accounts O) drive
解题思路

Passage 19
解题思路
1．[J]can be表明此处需填入名词、形容词或分词作表语，且能与介词to搭配。由句子主语The beginning of our sleep deficit crisis(初现睡眠不足）和宾语the invention of the light bulb a century ago(一世纪前发明了电灯），可知此处在探寻睡眠不足的原因。traced“追溯……的发展”可与to搭配，符合上下文语境。tracked表示“追踪，跟踪”时,是及物动词，故排除。
2.[N]此处需填人personal所修饰的名词，与句中的diary entries(日记)并列，因此应该也是复数形式。Personal accounts指“个人叙述”，符合此处语境。
3.[D]此处需填入副词，修饰谓语动词reduced。根据空格后between 7.5 and 8 hours,可知相比之前的9.5 hours,睡眠时间减少了很多，故选用dramatically“显著地”。
4.[G]空格前出现否定助动词don’t,故此处需填入动词原形。上文说人们偷走了（cheat on)睡眠时间，空格前的even “甚至”表示递进关系，realize “意识到”符合句意，表示他们甚至都没有意识到这一点。
5.[L]此处需填入名词、形容词或分词，作feel的表语。本句意为:他们认为睡6.5小时也没有问题(okay),而实际上他们需要睡7.5或8个小时，甚至更多才能感觉……。由前后两个时间的对比和空格前的ideally(理想地)可知，vigorous“精力充沛的”符合句意。
6.[B] the…of结构表明此处需填入名词。由下文“来自工作、家庭、朋友及社会的压力”，可知填人的名词表消极含义，故complexily“错综复杂”符合句意，表示睡眠被无情夺走的原因是每天各种错综复杂的事务。
7.[H]此处需填入名词、形容词或分词，修饰item(项目）。上文提到人们的睡眠时间越来越少，由此可知很多人不重视睡眠时间。空格前的least表示否定,故填入expensive“昂贵的；浪费的”。
8.[O]此处需填入与ambition（抱负）并列的抽象名词，作lack的宾语。drive作名词时意为“干劲”，符合此处语境，表示“如果你说要睡8.5小时，人们就会觉得你缺少干劲和抱负”。
9.[A] the... of结构表明此处需填入名词。由后文We’ve found that...可知，研究专家做试验的目的是为了知道睡眠不足的后果，consequences指不太好的后果，故为正确答案。
10.[E]此处需填入谓语动词，由主语performance可知是第三人称单数形式。根据后文提到的Short-term memory is impaired(短期记忆受损）等，可知在sleep-deprived(睡眠不足）的情况下，行为应该会受到不良影响，故 suffers“受损害”符合语境。'