No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on lunar months. When people started farming, the sages of the tribes became very important, they studied the sky and gathered enough information to be able to predict when the seasons would change, and were able to announce when it was time to plant crops.
　　The divisions of time we use today were developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 years ago.Babylonian astronomers believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 days.They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, each with 30 days. Then they divided each day into 24 equal parts, or hours, and divided each hour into 60 minutes, each minute into 60 seconds.
　　Humans have used many devices to measure time; the sundial (日晷) was one of the earliest and simplest. However, the sundial worked well only when the weather was fine, so other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass. By the eighteenth century, people had developed mechanical clocks and watches. So we have devices to mark the passing of time, but what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time, because time on Earth is set by the sun's positions in the sky above us. As international communications and travel grew, it became clear that a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world was needed. In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time zones, each zone represents one hour. The astronomical observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zones. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time, also known as Greenwich Mean Time.
　　
57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
　　A) The development of universal time.
　　B) Different ways to measure time.
　　C) Why we measure time the way we do.
　　D) How the Calendar came into being.

　　58. What does the example of Babylonia astronomers reveal?
　　A) It reveals Babylonians' wisdom that was absent elsewhere.
　　B) It reveals the origin of our time measurements.
　　C) It reveals the limits of some time measurements.
　　D) It reveals the stability of time measurements.

　　59. The author mentions all of the following ways to measure time EXCEPT_____ .
　　A) sundial B) hourglass
C) electric clock D) mechanical clock

　　60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time_______ .
　　A) provides a common time for all parts of the world
　　B) is calculated from the sun
　　C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones
　　D) was named after an international conference

　　61. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
　　A) Time measurements have changed in response to need and technological development.
　　B) In ancient Babylonia, 12 was the basic division of time.
　　C) The first calendar was developed because the sages of tribes were intelligent.
　　D) Universal Time is so named because it is applicable throughout the universe.

57. C。本文共三段。第一段讲日历起源之因；第二段讲作为现代时间概念的基础，古巴比伦如何划分年月日时分秒；第三段提及先后出现的测量时间的各种工具，并讲述"世界时"如何顺应时代发展而产生。A，B和D项都只概括了本文的部分内容，只有C项是对全文的总结。

58. B。第2段提到了古巴比伦人是如何划分时间的。C项“测量时间的工具的限制在文章中没有提及, D项不正确。本文的主题是计算时间方式的发展，并未强调某个民族智慧过人，A项也不正确。

59. C。第三段前半部分提到了人们测量时间的各种工具： sundial“日晷”；hourglass”沙漏”， mechanical clock“机器表”在原文中均有提及。C项“电子钟”在原文中并没有提到。

60. B。文章最后一句提到，The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time“格林尼治所测量的时间被定位格林威治标准时间”。考生易受"Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east."的影响，可能会误选C项。其实，这里是24个时区的"the starting point",也就是第一个时区。

61. A。C项提到的日历出现就是其中一个例证，第三段还提到sundial, hourglass, mechanical clocks and watches和Greenwich Mean Time的出现，这都是随着人类社会发展的需要出现的。C项错在将日历出现归因于一小部分人的高智商，第一段第三句揭示了真正的原因此外，Universal Time并非全宇宙通用，它只适用于全球24个时区，故D项也不正确。