替代词在比较结构中的用法
日期:2008-09-20 21:51

(单词翻译:单击)

替代词在比较结构中的用法辨析

在比较结构中,为了避免重复,常用替代词替代名词词组或它的中心词。可以这样用的替代词常用的且较难掌握的有one, ones,
that和those。

I.替代词one和ones的用法:

1.one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如:

My child doesn't like this book.Show her a more interesting one.

2.替代词one或ones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one或 ones在
用法上的一个重要特征。例如:

I don't like this book.I'd like a more interesting one.

3.当替代词one或ones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:

Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before.

4.当替代词one或ones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如this,that, which和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:

This book is much better than that(one).

5.替代词one或ones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my one(s),your one(s),Peter's one(s)等等。
one或 ones也不能用在own之后。

但是,如果有了形容词,one(s)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:

My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John's expensive one.

6.one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说:

*He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry.

该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henry's.

7.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:

Don't praise the younger child in the presence of the elder.

8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代
整个名词词组。这时,one=a+单数名词。例如:

A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one =a cake)

one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:

Here are a few apples.Would you like some(=some of them)?

II.替代词that和those的用法:

1.that和those通常用作指使代词,也可用作替代词。它们总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语,分别等于the one和 the ones。

例如:

The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.

2.that也可替代不可数名词,但是 the one则不能。例如:

The resistance of a thicker wire is less than that of a thin one.

以上两例中的that都不能换成the one。

3.that作替代词,只能指物,不能指人。those作替代词,既可指物,也可指人。例如:

The blonde girl I saw was older than the one you were dancing with.

该句中的the one不能换成that。

4.that用作替代词和它所替代的名词词组的中心词的“数”可以不一致。替代单数名词时,只替代“the +单数名词”,不可
替代“a+单数名词”。例如:

The song by Schubert is more tuneful than that by Britain.(that=the song。song为可数名词。)

请注意,这里说的that只替代“the +单数名词”,不可替代“a+单数名词?,系指that在句子中实际的作用,并非要求它在句
子中所代表的前面出现的词组必须是“the +单数名词?。例如:

In those days they lived a life worse than that of a beast of burden.

在该句中,前面出现的词组为a life,但that替代的却是the life。

that作为替代词,它不能用于零关系分句(即没有关系代词的定语从句)之前。例如:

The problem confronting us today is not dissimilar from that which the nation confronted in the 1930s.

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重点单词
  • wheatn. 小麦,小麦色
  • presencen. 出席,到场,存在 n. 仪态,风度
  • resistancen. 抵抗力,反抗,反抗行动;阻力,电阻;反对
  • dissimilaradj. 不同的