(单词翻译:单击)
When we study in another country or move into a new town, we are often exposed to a culture different from ours and need to go through four stages of transition: Honeymoon, frustration, adjustment, and adaptation.
当我们在另一个国家学习或搬到一个新城镇时，我们经常会接触到与我们不同的文化，需要经历四个过渡阶段：蜜月期、挫折、调整和适应。
During stage two, some experience a real culture shock, severe forms of which can lead to reactions that may need medical attention.
在第二阶段，一些人会经历真正的文化冲击，严重的文化冲击可能会导致需要医疗治疗的反应。
But before we come to that, let's first look at what happens typically. In stage 1 — honeymoon — everything is beautiful.
但在开始之前，让我们先看看通常会发生什么。在第一阶段——蜜月期——一切都很美好。
The people are friendly, the culture rich, and the way of local life fascinating. We are optimistic and excited about all the differences.
人们很友好，文化丰富，当地的生活方式令人着迷。我们对所有的差异都感到乐观和兴奋。
In stage 2 we feel frustration. Reality sets in. We have come to understand that there are plenty of barriers to connecting with people and have difficulty with the social norms. We start to reject local traditions and begin to feel homesick.
在第二阶段，我们感到沮丧。现实开始显现。我们开始明白，与人交往存在许多障碍，难以适应社会规范。我们开始拒绝当地的传统，开始想家。
The stage of adjustment is characterized by a growing familiarity with our new way of life.
调整阶段的特点是对新的生活方式越来越熟悉。
We begin to understand the new customs, acquire language skills, and make local friends. We start to feel more comfortable.
我们开始了解新的习俗，掌握语言技能，结交当地朋友。我们开始感到更舒服。
Last is adaptation. During this stage, we gain a sense of belonging and are able to fully participate in the new culture, even while maintaining our own native identity.
最后是适应。在这个阶段，我们获得了归属感，能够完全融入新文化，同时保持自己的本土身份。
Known as the stage of mastery, we now start to feel at home. However, not everyone arrives at this point.
这被称为“精通阶段”，我们现在开始感到宾至如归。然而，并不是每个人都能达到这一点。
Some people are excited about the foreign culture for months, and others start to get frustrated on day one.
有些人对外国文化兴奋了好几个月，而另一些人在第一天就开始感到沮丧。
And then there are those who experience a culture shock that is so strong that they leave before adjusting. The Paris Syndrome is the most extreme form of culture shock.
还有一些人经历了强烈的文化冲击，以至于他们在适应之前就离开了。巴黎综合症是最极端的文化冲击形式。
It typically strikes some Japanese tourists who come to the French capital full of excitement and romantic expectations but are then confronted with filth and arrogance.
它通常会袭击一些日本游客，他们满怀兴奋和浪漫的期待来到法国首都，但随后却面对着肮脏和傲慢。
The 20 or so travelers that are reported to be hit each year, experience a wide range of psychiatric and psychosomatic symptoms, including anxiety, hallucinations, and vomiting.
据报道，每年有大约20名游客受到巴黎综合症的影响，他们经历了各种精神和心身症状，包括焦虑、幻觉和呕吐。
And so they leave deeply distressed before they adjust. Those who have adapted to a new society, may face a surprise when they eventually return home.
因此，他们在适应之前就深感苦恼。那些已经适应了新社会的人，最终回国时可能会大吃一惊。
After another honeymoon, they often enter a reverse culture shock, realizing how much they have been estranged from their old way of life. But it can get worse.
又一次蜜月期过后，他们往往会进入逆向文化冲击，意识到自己与旧生活方式的疏远程度。但情况可能会变得更糟。
The ones who are pushed into a new culture without being asked, often skip honeymoon altogether and enter straight into the stage of frustration.
那些未经同意就被推入新文化的人，往往会完全跳过蜜月期，直接进入沮丧阶段。
If that happens without the right support, they never really settle in, can't adjust, and remain frustrated indefinitely.
如果这种情况发生在没有正确支持的情况下，他们永远不会真正安顿下来，无法调整，并会无限期地感到沮丧。
Studies show that toddlers who are sent for their first days at preschool without anyone to accompany them, experience so much anxiety that they can't bond with their teachers.
研究表明，在没有人陪伴的情况下被送去幼儿园的幼儿会感到非常焦虑，以至于他们无法与老师建立联系。
As a result they remain freighted to go and clock significantly more sick days for their entire preschool years.
结果，他们在整个学前阶段都不得不去上学，并且病假明显增多。
This is why good schools often demand that parents stay with their children until they can fully settle in.
这就是为什么好的学校经常要求父母陪伴孩子，直到他们完全适应。
The original research on culture shock was conducted by Sverre Lysgaard in the 1950s after the sociologist had talked to many Norwegians who had spent time in the United States — mostly for academic reasons. Analyzing his interviews, he saw a clear pattern.
关于文化冲击的最初研究是由斯韦勒·利兹格德（Sverre Lysgaard）在20世纪50年代进行的，此前这位社会学家与许多在美国待过一段时间的挪威人进行了交谈——他们大多是出于学术原因赴美。通过分析他的采访，他发现了一个清晰的模式。
The culture shock curve with happiness on one axis, and months in a foreign country on another; shows that, on average, the honeymoon period lasts for around 2 months.
文化冲击曲线以幸福感为一个轴，以在国外待了几个月为另一个轴；图表显示，平均而言，蜜月期持续约2个月。
Then there are about 6 months of frustration before adjustment happens. Adaptation starts after close to a year. What about you?
然后，在调整发生之前，会有大约6个月的挫折感。适应在将近一年后开始。你呢？
Did you ever travel abroad or move to another country where you experienced the 4 stages?
你是否曾出国旅行或搬到另一个国家，并经历过这4个阶段？
Share your thoughts about the theory and your personal experiences in the comments below!
在下面的评论中分享你对理论的想法和你的个人经历！
If you like this video and want us to make more, subscribe to our channel and support us on Patreon.
如果你喜欢这个视频并希望我们制作更多，请订阅我们的频道并在Patreon上支持我们。
