(单词翻译:单击)
Annie Duke is an author, consultant, and former professional poker champion. She wrote the book, Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away. Hi, Annie.
安妮·杜克是作家、顾问，也是前职业扑克冠军。她写了一本书，《放弃: 知道何时离开的力量》。嗨, 安妮。
Hi, Alison.
嗨, 艾莉森。
Why is quitting so stigmatized?
为什么放弃如此不光彩?
Oh my gosh. We have so many cognitive biases that really stop us from stopping things. Our aversion to quitting is really built pretty deeply into our mindware.
我的天啊。我们有太多的认知偏见，让我们无法停止做事。我们对放弃的厌恶真的深深地植根于我们的思想中。
And then you see this reflected in even the English language.
你甚至可以在英语语言表达中看到这一点。
So, when you look at the synonyms for grit or grittiness, you have metal or pluck. It’s a sign of character.
当你看到坚毅的同义词时，你会想到意志。这是性格的标志。
Those who stick it out are the heroes of our stories.
那些坚持下来的人是我们故事中的英雄。
Whereas when you look up synonyms for quitter, it’s like loser, basically, coward.
然而当你查找“放弃者”的同义词时，它是失败者，基本上等同于懦夫。
They’re not the heroes of the story, they’re the villains.
他们不是故事中的英雄，他们是反派。
I think that that is very much a reflection in the way that all languages of the way that our minds think about quitting.
我认为这在很大程度上反映了所有语言中我们思考放弃的方式。
I should step back and ask is this a version to quitting common across different geographies and cultures or is there something about the American environment that makes it particularly salient here?
我应该退一步问，这在不同地域和文化中是同一种放弃吗？还是美国的环境中有什么东西使其在这里特别突出?
Well, to be fair, I haven’t looked at every single culture, so I’m not sure that I am perfectly equipped to answer that.
嗯，公平地说，我还没有研究过每一种文化，所以我不确定我是否完全有能力回答这个问题。
But what I can tell you is that bias is like the sunk cost fallacy,
但我能告诉你的是，偏见就像沉没成本谬误，
for example, that cause us to take into account what we’ve already spent in deciding whether to spend more on an endeavor or continue loss aversion,
比如，它会让我们考虑我们已经花了多少钱来决定是在一项努力上花更多的钱还是要规避损失，
the endowment effect, the sort of price we put on ownership, how much we overvalue things we own versus identical things that we don’t own.
禀赋效应，我们对所有权的定价，我们对拥有的东西会比未拥有的东西的评价会高出多少。
Even issues of identity, these really cut across all cultures.
甚至是身份问题，这些都是跨越所有文化的。
These are very well replicated findings over about half a decade of scientific research.
这些都是经过五年的科学研究得到的很好的重复发现。
So, I think that this is really in large part, part of the human condition.
我认为这在很大程度上是人类状况的一部分。
Yeah. And there are so many cognitive biases.
对。存在很多认知偏见。
You just mentioned a few of them that push us into sticking with things even when there are signs telling us we probably shouldn’t.
你刚刚提到了其中一些，即使有迹象表明我们可能不应该坚持下去，这些偏见也会促使我们坚持下去。
In your work as a consultant, a human moving about the world, which one do you see arise most often for individuals thinking about their careers?
在你作为顾问、满世界跑的工作中，你最常看到个人在考虑职业生涯时会出现哪一个问题?
I can’t really pick one because I think it’s a combination of two things.
我真的无法只挑一个，因为我认为这是两件事的结合。
One would go under the broad category of sunk cost.
一个是广义的沉没成本。
So, in a job setting you’ll see people not shut down projects, not abandon a product they’re developing or even not leave their job because they’ll say, “Well, then I’ll have wasted my time or my money if I quit.”
在工作环境中，你会看到人们不会关停项目，不会放弃他们正在开发的产品，甚至不会离开他们的工作，因为他们会说，“嗯，如果我放弃，我就浪费了我的时间和金钱。”
So, we don’t want to leave a job because we say, “I’ve put so much time into it. I’ve spent all this years in school and training and learning the culture.
我们不想离职，因为我们说: “我在这份工作上投入了太多时间。这些年我一直在学习、培训，学习文化。
And if I quit, I’ll have wasted all of that time. I don’t want to shut this project down because what about all the money that we’ve already spent on it?
如果我放弃了，我就浪费了所有的时间。我不想叫停这个项目，因为我们已经在上面花了那么多钱呢?
If I quit, there’s no way that I can get that back.”
如果我放弃了，那些就再也回不来了。”
