(单词翻译:单击)
As Infrastructure Money Lands, the Job Dividends Begin
基础设施资金落地，就业红利即将开启
It has never exactly been boom times for the archaeology profession, but this past year comes close — thanks to Congress.
考古行业从未真正享受过繁荣期，但过去这一年算是接近了——这一切都要归功于国会。
Kim Redman runs Alpine Archaeological Consultants, a firm that searches for historically or culturally valuable artifacts in the path of construction — an essential step for federally assisted projects.
金·雷德曼经营着阿尔卑斯考古咨询公司，这家公司在施工建设过程中寻找具有历史或文化价值的文物，这是联邦政府资助项目的关键一步。
For decades, she has hired temporary workers (affectionately known as “shovel bums”) to comb the ground.
几十年来，她一直雇佣临时工(这些人被亲切地称为“铁铲队”)来挖掘土地。
These days, she’s bringing on as many full-timers as she can, as billions of dollars in infrastructure appropriations make their way down through the states.
这些天，随着数十亿美元的基础设施拨款输入各州，她正在尽可能多地引入全职人员。
“If you’re going to build a road, we’re at the beginning of the process,” Ms. Redman said. “The opportunities in archaeology are immense right now—everybody’s trying to hire so we can meet the demand.”
“如果要修一条路，我们就是修路的第一步。”雷德曼说，“现在考古学的机会是巨大的——每个人都在努力招聘，这样才能满足需求。”
Archaeologists are on the leading edge of a wave of jobs that will result from $1.2 trillion in direct government spending from the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.
考古学家正处于就业浪潮的前沿，这波就业浪潮来自2021年《基础设施投资和就业法案》带来的1.2万亿美元的直接政府支出。
Two subsequent initiatives—$370 billion in incentives and grants for lower-emissions energy projects provided by the Inflation Reduction Act, and $53 billion in subsidies for semiconductor manufacturing funded by the CHIPS Act—are expected to leverage tens of billions more in private capital.
随后的两项举措——由《通胀削减法案》为低排放能源项目提供3700亿美元的激励和拨款，以及由《芯片法案》为半导体制造业提供530亿美元的补贴——预计还将撬动数百亿美元的私人资本。
The primary purpose of the three laws isn’t to stimulate the economy; they are mainly intended to combat climate change, rebuild infrastructure and reduce dependence on foreign semiconductors.
这三部法律的主要目的不是刺激经济；它们主要是为了应对气候变化、重建基础设施和减少对外国半导体的依赖。
But they will affect the labor market, including a reallocation of workers across sectors.
但它们将影响劳动力市场，包括各个行业的劳动力重新分配。
The funding comes as the economy is decelerating, and it may avert a sharper dip in employment brought on by the Federal Reserve’s attempts to contain inflation by raising interest rates.
这笔资金是在经济减速的情况下提供的，它可能会避免美联储试图通过提高利率来遏制通胀而导致的就业大幅下降。
The construction industry, in particular, has been buffeted by a slowdown in new-home sales and stagnant demand for new offices.
尤其是建筑业，受到了新房销售放缓和新写字楼需求停滞的打击。
“By spring or summer, the job market will basically go flat,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist for Moody’s Analytics.
穆迪分析公司首席经济学家马克·赞迪表示：“到春季或夏季，就业市场将基本上进入低迷状态。”
“The infrastructure spending won’t kick in until late 2023, going into 2024. It feels like the handoff here could be reasonably graceful.”
“基础设施支出要到2023年末或2024年初才会生效。感觉这种交接可以说是不慌不乱的。”
