(单词翻译:单击)
Shina is an archaic Japanese word for China and soba was a catch-all term for any noodles found in Japan at the time, though it usually referred to buckwheat noodles.
Shina是一个古老的日语单词，指的是中国，而soba是当时日本所有面条的统称，虽然它通常指的是荞麦面。
Because of its offensive connotations, the word shina eventually fell out of use, and was eventually replaced by ramen, which likely came about from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese term lamian.
由于shina带有攻击性的含义，这个词最终不再使用，并被拉面取代，拉面的日语发音很可能来自于中文“拉面”一词。
The word lamian comes from la, which means pulled, and mian, which means noodles.
拉面这个词包括“拉”和“面”两个字，前者的意思是拉拽，后者的意思是面条。
Though there are many stories surrounding the origins of modern ramen, the one that's most widely accepted by experts comes from the early 20th century.
关于现代拉面起源的故事很多，但专家们普遍接受的一个故事发生在20世纪初。
It's believed that a noodle shop called Rai Rai Ken popularized the dish when it opened in Tokyo, Japan, in 1910.
据信，1910年，一家名为Rai Rai Ken的面馆在日本东京开业后，拉面开始流行起来。
The Chinese cooks there served their wheat noodles in a salty broth and topped them with roasted pork, fish cake, and nori.
那里的中国厨师把小麦面条放在咸汤里，上面撒上烤猪肉、鱼饼和海苔。
These ingredients are still considered classic ramen toppings today.
这些食材在今天仍然被认为是经典的拉面配料。
No room in the budget for fish cake, guys?
预算里没有鱼饼吗，伙计们？
Around the same time, Japan was becoming more industrialized.
大约在同一时间，日本工业化程度不断提高。
The country's growing urban working class needed something cheap and filling to fuel their work days, and ramen filled that need.
这个国家日益壮大的城市工人阶级需要一些廉价且能填饱肚子的东西来为他们的日常工作提供能量，而拉面满足了这一需求。
Its ascent to worldwide fame entered a new stage during the Allied occupation of Japan after World War II.
在第二次世界大战后同盟军占领日本期间，拉面进入了一个新的阶段，享誉全球。
The post-war period brought on significant food shortage, and street food vendors were outlawed in order to conserve rations - a policy that began during the war.
战后出现了严重的粮食短缺，为了节省口粮，街头小店遭到取缔——这项政策始于战争期间。
The only way to get ramen, which was something people bought from food stalls rather than made at home, was to find it on the black market.
那时人们通常从小吃摊买拉面，而不是自己在家里做，因此获得拉面的唯一地点成了黑市。
Illegal food vendors were a common presence in Japan throughout World War II, and they became more vital than ever in the post-war period, when government rations were often weeks late, through either legitimate shortages from decreased agricultural production or simple mismanagement of resources.
在整个二战期间，非法食品摊贩在日本屡见不鲜，战后时期，他们变得比以往更加重要——由于农业生产减少或简单的资源管理不善，政府配给经常数周后才能分配到人们手中。
Thousands of vendors were arrested for selling ramen after the war, most of whom were under the direction of the Japanese organized crime syndicate known as the Yakuza.
战后，数以千计的商贩因出售拉面而被捕，其中大多数人受日本有组织犯罪集团黑帮的指挥。
Ramen really became mainstream in 1958, courtesy of our friend from earlier, Momofuku Ando.
拉面在1958年真正成为主流，这要归功于我们之前提到的朋友安藤茂福。
Inspired by his decade-old memories of that makeshift ramen stand, he believed the cheap, working-class meal was a perfect fit for Japanese pantries.
他对十年前那个临时的拉面摊记忆犹新，受此启发，他认为这种廉价的工薪阶层食物非常适合储藏。
All Ando had to do was transform the noodle bowl into something that could sit on a shelf for months and be ready to eat in minutes.
安藤所要做的就是把拉面改造成可以在架子上放几个月，几分钟内就可以吃的东西就行了。
He started by simply dehydrating noodles, but they didn't cook fast enough for his liking.
他从简单地将面条脱水开始，但这样煮面的速度不够快，不满足他的要求。
After months of experimentation, he discovered flash-frying.
经过几个月的试验，他发现了闪炸。
Frying dehydrated noodles evaporates the water droplets trapped inside them and creates tiny perforations.
油炸脱水面条会使面条内部的水滴蒸发，并产生微小的穿孔。
This method solved two problems: less water in the noodles meant they were less likely to go bad, and all those holes meant they rehydrated faster when boiled.
这种方法解决了两个问题：面条中的水分更少，意味着它们变质的可能性更小；而面条上出现的小孔意味着煮面条时，它们的补水速度更快。
He added chicken flavoring to create his masterpiece.
他加入了鸡肉调味料来创造他的杰作。
Ando's chickin ramen is often called the first product of its kind, but that may not be true.
安藤的鸡肉拉面经常被人们称为世界上第一款速食拉面，但这可能不是事实。
In his book, The Untold History of Ramen (which we've drawn on several times throughout this video by the way) George Solt points out that a company called Matsuda Sangyo, actually debuted what Solt calls "an identical product" three years earlier, under the name Aji Tsuke Chuka Men, or Flavored Chinese Noodles.
乔治·索尔特在他的书《拉面的不为人知的历史》中(顺便说一句，我们在这段视频中多次引用了这本书)指出，一家名为松田生代的公司实际上在三年前就推出了“一模一样的产品”，取名为“Aji tsuke Chuka Men”，即中国风味面条。
They never received a patent, though, and stopped making the product after a few months of weak sales.
然而，他们从未获得专利，在经历了几个月的销售疲软后，他们停止了该产品的生产。
Where that company failed, though, Ando thrived.
然而，在这家公司失败的时候，安藤却欣欣向荣。
Later, Ando would reflect on his decision to use chicken flavor, realizing, "By using chicken soup, instant ramen managed to circumvent religious taboos when it was introduced in different countries.
后来，安藤反思了他使用鸡肉香料的决定，意识到，当方便面被引入不同的国家时，使用鸡汤的方便面可以绕过宗教禁忌。
Hindus may not eat beef and Muslims may not eat pork, but there is not a single culture, religion or country that forbids the eating of chicken."
印度教徒可能不吃牛肉，穆斯林可能不吃猪肉，但没有一个文化、宗教或国家禁止吃鸡肉。”
Though his goal was to make ramen noodles accessible to everyone, his first product wasn't as cheap to make as he had hoped.
尽管他的目标是让所有人都买他的拉面吃，但第一款产品并不像他希望的那样便宜。
Anyone who lived on instant ramen through college may be surprised to hear that it was considered a bit of a splurge item when it debuted in Japan.
大学期间一直靠方便面过活的人听到这些可能会惊讶：当方便面在日本首次亮相时，它被认为是一种奢侈品。
At 35 yen, or around $1.85 USD adjusted for inflation, a packet was up to six times as expensive as other noodles at the time.
35日元，按照当时的通胀条件看约合1.85美元，一包拉面的价格是当时其他面条的六倍。
The convenience factor made up for the cost, though.
不过，便利因素弥补了成本。
Instant ramen was a hit and prices eventually went down - by a lot.
方便面大受欢迎，价格最终下跌了很多。
Today, the average pack of instant ramen costs about a quarter, which means eating it for three meals a day would only cost around $275 a year.
如今，一包方便面的平均价格约为二十五美分，这意味着一日三餐只吃拉面，一年的花销仅为275美元左右。
Though with 1820 milligrams of sodium in every brick of chicken Top Ramen, that's not something I'd recommend if you want to avoid paying back those savings in medical bills.
但每一包鸡汤拉面中含有1820毫克的钠，如果你想节省医疗费用，我不建议这样做。
As ramen became synonymous with convenience food abroad, the ramen stalls that first popped up in the early 20th century experienced a resurgence in Japan.
随着拉面在国外成为方便食品的代名词，20世纪初首次出现的拉面摊位在日本重新繁荣起来。
Though ramen was practically outlawed in the years right after the war, America's presence in Japan actually boosted ramen's profile in the long run.
虽然在战后的几年里拉面实际上是非法的，但从长期来看，美国对日本的行动实际上提高了拉面的知名度。
America sent cheap wheat to Japan during the post-war food shortages.
在战后粮食短缺期间，美国向日本出口廉价小麦。
This was partially a humanitarian effort to stave off hunger, and partially a political calculation: American leaders feared the prospect of East Asian countries turning to communism out of desperation, or frustration with Western powers.
部分原因是为了避免饥饿而对日实行人道主义，另一部分原因是出于政治考量：美国领导人担心东亚国家出于绝望或对西方大国的失望而转向共产主义。
In the mid-50s, Japan and America signed a series of agreements that sold surplus American wheat to Japan.
20世纪50年代中期，日本和美国签署了一系列协议，将过剩的美国小麦出售给日本。
At the same time, American propagandists teamed up with the Japanese government to extol the virtues of wheat as part of a healthy diet.
与此同时，美国的宣传人员与日本政府合作，赞扬小麦作为健康饮食的优点。
One part of this propaganda campaign involved sending out "kitchen buses" in an attempt to teach the Japanese to bake bread, a plan that was doomed by the fact that many Japanese kitchens lacked ovens.
这场宣传运动的一部分是提供“厨房巴士”，试图教日本人烘焙面包，而这一计划注定要失败，因为许多日本人的厨房里没有烤箱。
Whoops.
哎呦。
They even suggested that a diet relying on rice could cause brain damage .
他们甚至提出，饮食依赖大米可能会导致大脑损伤。
When laws on food vendors relaxed in the 1950s, the dish's now-healthy reputation, paired with its great value in a time of economic recovery, helped make it a success.
20世纪50年代，当国家放松了对食品摊贩的法律管制时，拉面“健康食材”的声誉，再加上它在经济复苏时期的巨大价值，帮助它取得了成功。
