人类到底有自由意志吗?(5)
日期:2022-04-28 16:15

(单词翻译:单击)

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Now, if we agree that she did a bad thing, if nobody recommends people play jokes like this, what are we to say about the neuroscientists who are telling the public every day, "We've shown in our neuroscience labs that nobody has free will."

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现在,如果我们一致认为她做了一件坏事,如果没有人想让人们开这样的玩笑,那么我们该如何看待那些每天都在告诉公众 "我们在神经科学实验室里证明了人们没有自由意志 "的神经科学家们?"

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I think if the neuroscientists recognize that what my imaginary neurosurgeon did was irresponsible, they should think seriously about whether it's irresponsible of them to make these claims about free will.

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我认为,如果神经科学家认同我虚构的神经外科医生所做的事情是不负责任的,他们就应该认真思考他们提出这些关于自由意志的主张是否也不负责任3t;NN;mEXua

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And it's not just a fantasy.

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而且这不仅仅是一种幻想BQ_CW..-ctK_;arIv*T

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Vohs and Schooler, in an important paper, which has been replicated in several different ways, set up an experiment, really to test this with college students, who were given two texts to read.

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在一篇以几种不同的方式进行了复制的重要论文中,Vohs和Schooler设立了一个实验,实际上是为了测试大学生的这种情况,在实验中,学生们得到了两篇阅读文本gQ3%OoorSzka6d

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One was a text. They were both from Francis Crick's book, "The Astonishing Hypothesis," and one was not about free will.

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一篇是文本@cMXp=nh+xJB#wai。它们都来自弗朗西斯·克里克的书《惊人的假设》,其中一篇不是关于自由意志!kyvIXXhc;ria-1n

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And the other was about free will.

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而另一篇是关于自由意志的XMC1%vyt&i~;AuY

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And basically it said, "Free will is an illusion.

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它的主要思想是,"自由意志是一种幻觉@ajG*AS%@[=W]ijP^

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All your decisions are actually determined by causes that neuroscience is investigating.

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你所有的决定实际上是由神经科学正在调查的某些原因决定的QP85.+mZ]WaPx+ZQz

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You don't have free will. That's just an illusion."

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你没有自由意志78x),tL)M^ExGa4O。那只是一个幻觉3HC@ze_5M^%i。"

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All right, so there we have two groups.

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好吧,实验中有两组人xpt^ere~h!LV

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The group that read that passage and the group that read another passage from that book of the same length.

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一组读的是这段话,另一组读的是来自这本书同样长度的另一段话9&iW3kkE3TT-

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After they've read the passage, they are given a puzzle to solve where they can earn some money by solving it.

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在他们读完这段话后,会收到一个谜题,让他们解开,解开谜题可以赚得一些钱l~IE2=%u~.W=Z+WrP]

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And the experimenters cleverly made the puzzles slightly defective, so there was a way of cheating on the puzzle.

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而实验者巧妙地让谜题稍有缺陷,所以受试者有办法在谜题上作弊CacEux,w8Rr^+8

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That was, oops, inadvertently revealed to the subjects.

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而这一点也在不经意间透露给了受试者x0phE7gg2|aYo

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And guess what?

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你猜怎么着?

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The subjects who'd read the passage where Crick says, "Free will is an illusion," cheated at a much higher rate than the other ones.

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那些读过克里克说 "自由意志是一种幻觉 "这段话的受试者作弊的比例比其他受试者高得多QYh~[WaoUHvs(gl|KS

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In other words, just reading that passage did have the effect of making them less concerned about the implications of their actions and they became, as it were, negligent, or worse, in their own decision-making.

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换句话说,仅仅读了这段话,就让他们不再关心自己的行为所产生的影响,而且对自己的决策也更加随意)[K=8!|4]V

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