Hello, I'm John Russell.

大家好，我是约翰·罗素dYJDk+amf.。

So far in this series, we have explored consonant sounds and how they differ in terms of the place of articulation and the manner of articulation.

到目前为止在这个系列中，我们已经探索了辅音，以及它们在发音位置和发音方式上的不同之处sk[G%U&T4dT。

Place of articulation refers to where you put your lips or tongue to make a sound.

发音的地方是指你的嘴唇或舌头发出声音的地方+L(%Ty)ZMNp7(igbx。

Manner of articulation means how the airstream is blocked or changed to make a sound.

发音方式是指气流如何被阻塞或改变而发出声音的i~B0ml%0=(nO。

But consonant sounds of American English can differ from each other in another very important way: voicing.

但美式英语的辅音发音还有一个非常不一样的地方：声带hgu3[@]QvF|BueS。

Voicing refers to the movement of your vocal cords - groups of muscles in your neck.

Voicing指的是声带也就是脖子上肌肉群的运动M)Ysq(PMSYHG3c3。

The difference between many consonant sounds comes down to if your vocal cords move, when you make the sound.

许多辅音的区别在于，当你发声时，你的声带是否会震动swljfd)KT^34。

Consider the /f/ and /v/ sounds.

想一下/f/ 和 /v/的发音UJMJo=[cKC。

/f/ as in fair and /v/ as in vein.

/f/的音比如fair（公平的），/v/的音比如vein（静脉）p1srcuLF!&Y|1OHTAKX。

/f/ is voiceless, my vocal cords do not move when I make the sound.

/f/的音是不发出声音的，当我发音时，我的声带是不震动的kn5%L.VYKdJ)e_。

/v/ is voiced, my vocal cords move when I make the sound.

/v/的音是有声音的，当我发音时，我的声带是震动的qm@&4OK1PfHp。

Try to make the /f/ sound with me,

试着和我一起发/f/这个音，

and put your hands up against your neck, /f/.

把你的手放在脖子上，/f/848sqbd_b)QV4gKh9。

Now, let's switch to the /v/ sound, /v/.

现在让我们切换到/v/的音，/v/HvJtze-z%a;0~6c(xD。

Now, let's switch between the two of them.

现在让我们在两者之间切换LwbA4&DjxU。

You will know you are making the sound correctly, when you feel your vocal cords move during the /v/ sound.

当你感觉你的声带在发/v/的音时震动，你的发音就是正确的fiXZMd-GMYQJ(。

A common problem for English learners is that many of them do not voice consonance at the ends of words.

英语学习者普遍存在的一个问题是，许多人在单词的末尾不发出声音O2l3ElO[x5-jId。

For example, they might say "belief(voiceless)" instead of "believe(voiced)".

例如，他们可能会说“belief”而不是“believe”jG&BkM4xGK.lhJ0Oe。

The only difference between the two words is in the voicing at the end of the word. (belief, believe)

这两个词之间唯一的区别是词尾的发音[gPc^GJ)A#y。

Or consider this example: leaf(voiceless), leave(voiced).

想一下这个例子：leaf（没有声音的），leave（有声音的）ARan9v)c@wW@R+s~。

Once again, the only difference is in terms of the voicing.

再说一次，唯一的区别在于是否发出声音G]yXGKI3ayC+&7t。

Keep up the good work.

继续加油吧hRMMGYu+BdKvFr+。