Hello, I'm John Russell.

大家好，我是约翰·罗素Xw.N&ohUK8xF*VwxK_5c。

In previous videos, we explored voicing and fricative sounds.

在前面的视频中，我们探索了浊音和摩擦音hsuA%vGu7E8CEVp@_.t。

But in today's video, we will examine what happens when these two ideas cross paths.

但在今天的视频中，我们将研究这两种情况相遇时，会发生什么w(*9klScp^。

If you haven't seen those videos, here is a quick reminder.

如果你还没有看过那些视频，给你一个快速提醒Hdx;;@Es),。

Voicing refers to movement of the vocal cords.

浊音是指声带的运动sCbRl4QO43C]bX。

A sound is voiced if your vocal cords move, when you make a a sound.

当你发音时，你的声带移动了，那就是浊音%[CP+.#q;~0。

A sound is voiceless if your vocal cords do not move when you make a sound.

当你发音时，声带没有移动，那就是清音0,zJq_V;dYO!@Rk。

Fricatives are sounds that involve a partial obstruction of the airstream.

摩擦音是指气流受到部分阻碍而发出的声音@,&M(pi@p20m@iX]h。

For example: sounds such as /f/ and /v/ are fricatives.

例如：/f/ 和 /v/就是摩擦音BI7cGj]a2U!。

How do fricatives connect with voicing, you might ask?

你可能会问，摩擦音和浊音有什么关系？

There are eight fricative sounds in English.

英语中有8个摩擦音uKkhd0Gv]&x2。

Four are voiced. The other four are voiceless.

四个是浊音（声带震动）fj&8B1I17VG。另外四个是清音（声带不震动）NRrnzOS.()d,w。

They are /f/ /v/ /si/ /zi/ /s/ /z/ /sh/ /ri/.(注: 此音标写法为便于编辑，规范写法见视频)

它们是/f/ /v/ /si/ /zi/ /s/ /z/ /sh/ /ri/)i|]rbaejMe!MkD0。(注: 此音标写法为便于编辑，规范写法见视频)

Let's explore each of these in detail.

让我们把每一个都详细研究一下7!_ugG3gu_tsp_iH。

Our first two sounds involve the bottom lip and upper teeth.

前两个音涉及到下嘴唇和上牙齿0)1k4j*h2ABFJ3Lq-|H。

/f/ is voiceless.

/f/是清辅音,X^]8eg1wY)GN[。

I don't feel my vocal chords move

我感受不到声带震动R0O(b5qROsj=nfCXef。

/v/ is a voiced sound. I feel my vocal cords move.

/v/是浊辅音，我能感受到声带震动6nWln0.cQN4xkc3。

Now, let's continue with fricatives made with the tongue between the teeth.

现在，让我们继续讲摩擦音，舌头和牙齿之间发出的音o8A=W#eR7u0。

/si/ is voiceless, /zi/ is voiced.

/si/是没有声音的（清音），/zi/是有声音的（浊音）IpsNM6)[e)4^D7jYjl。

And then we have fricative sounds made with the tip of the tongue and the area at the top of your mouth, not far hebind your front teeth.

还有用舌尖和口腔顶部离门牙不远的地方发出的摩擦音ItnD68SWd3&;LbpfYv5。

/s/ is voiceless, /z/ is voiced.

/s/是没有声音的（清音），/z/是有声音的（浊音）J-RvxYOb;).Fjn.p。

And finally, we have fricative sounds made with the tongue and the top and middle part of your mouth.

最后，还有用舌头和嘴的上半部分发出的摩擦音S2HU(Fm.%BXgGs。

/sh/ is voiceless, /ri/ is voiced.

/sh/是没有声音的（清音），/ri/是有声音的（浊音）A1b(YZ1WP.h(nhdR)f。

You should test yourself with all of these sounds that we have explored today.

你应该用我们今天探索的所有这些声音来检验一下自己K4U&4Fn!V#0B。

When you make a sound, do you feel your vocal chords move?

当你发出声音时，你感觉到你的声带在震动吗？

If it is a voiced sound, but you don't feel your vocal chords moving, then you might need to practice more with the sound.

如果是一个浊音，但你感觉不到你的声带在震动，那么你可能需要更多地练习这个声音aM9(s0K;0@&w。

That's all for today.

以上就是今天的全部内容15)fjzj+lnzJ5bseMNof。

Keep up the good work.

继续加油吧dH^XF-GrrFrvuHP%!。