(单词翻译:单击)
Each of us thinks of ourselves as kind of a little god.
我们每个人都认为自己是一种神。
It's very uncomfortable for us to think that our desires might not be entirely our own.
但是想到我们的欲望可能不完全是出于自己，我们感到非常不舒服。
There's a certain humility needed to understand that I'm the product of other people's desires, starting with my parents.
我们需要谦卑的心态来理解自己是其他人欲望的产物，比如自己的父母。
Humans tends to group people on the inside and on the outside.
我们倾向于把人划分为内部和外部人。
In order to maintain group identity and social cohesion, it's a never-ending process.
为了维持群体身份和社会凝聚力，这种分类是一个永无止境的过程。
And that can bring us into a dangerous vicious cycle because as humans, we have a natural tendency to transfer blame.
而这可能让我们陷入一个危险的恶性循环，因为作为人类，我们的本能倾向就是转移责任。
Which means, scapegoats are all around us.
这意味着，替罪羊就在我们身边。
All it takes is somebody to stand out a little bit and that starts this process of scapegoating.
只要有人稍稍站出来，替罪羊就出现了。
Once one person has identified a person or a group as problematic, it makes it a lot easier for the second and third and fourth person to believe in the guilt of the scapegoat.
一旦一个人认定另一个人或一个团体有问题，就会使第二个、第三个和第四个人更容易相信这个替罪羊的罪责。
I'm Luke Burgis, founder of Fourth Wall Ventures, and author of the book "Wanting: The Power of Mimetic Desire in Everyday Life.
我是卢克-伯吉斯，第四墙风险投资公司的创始人，撰写了《渴望：日常生活中拟态欲望的力量》。
"Rene Girard was one of the great interdisciplinary minds of the 20th century.
雷内-吉拉德是20世纪伟大的跨学科思想家之一。
He was a French thinker who spent 15 years of his life at Stanford University.
他是一位法国思想家，在斯坦福大学度过了15年。
He was a genius of human nature.
他是一位研究人性的天才。
He had this keen power of observation to see what was at the root of human behavior.
他有敏锐的观察力，可以看到人类行为的根源是什么。
And one of the observations that he had was that desire is mimetic.
他的观察之一是，欲望是模仿性的。
To say that desire is mimetic is to say that it's imitative.
说欲望是可以模仿的即它是模仿性的。
We imitate the desires of others, really from the first moment that we're born.
我们模仿他人的欲望，实际上从我们出生时就有了。
And as groups, it's even more powerful.
作为群体，欲望的力量更为强大。
This gets to the heart of the scapegoat mechanism.
这就涉及到替罪羊机制的核心。
The more people begin to engage in this mimetic process, the easier it is to convince ourselves of the guilt of the scapegoat.
越多的人开始参与这种模仿过程，就越容易使我们相信替罪羊的罪恶感。
A scapegoat is someone or some group that is used to achieve a very specific purpose.
代罪羔羊是某些人或某些群体，为实现一个非常具体的目的时制造的。
People make scapegoats when there's some fundamental truth that they don't want to acknowledge.
当有一些他们不想承认的基本事实时，其他人就要被当做替罪羊。
A person or a society can transfer the blame onto them and expel or eliminate them and imagine that the cause of all of their problems is gone.
一个人或一个社会可以把责任转移到替罪羊身上，并驱逐或消灭替罪羊，幻想他们自己所有问题的原因都消失了。
People do it because it produces a sense of catharsis or relief or healing.
人们这样做是因为替罪羊可以让人产生一种宣泄或解脱或治愈的感觉。
Scapegoating feels good because it's a way of protecting ourselves from having to suffer.
找替罪羊让某些人感觉很好，因为这是一种保护自己不受伤害的方式。
Somebody else has to pay the price for our sins, for our weakness.
但是别人必须为他们的罪过和弱点付出代价。
Scapegoating also forms group identity.
替罪羊也形成了群体认同。
Throughout history, when there's absolute social disorder is the time when there's most likely to be a scapegoat.
纵观历史，当出现绝对的社会混乱时，也就最有可能出现替罪羊。
And the scapegoat brings a moment of peace and relief.
替罪羊能够带来片刻的安宁和解脱。
"Ah, we finally identified the root of the problem.
“啊，我们终于确定了问题的根源。
We dealt with that.
我们解决了这个问题。”
"But the scapegoat mechanism never happens intentionally.
但是，替罪羊机制不是刻意形成的。
It's always subconscious.
它是潜意识的。
If we thought that we were scapegoating, it wouldn't produce the catharsis.
如果我们知道自己在找替罪羊，那么它就不会让我们产生宣泄作用。
It wouldn't produce the desired effect.
它不会产生预期的效果。
So, scapegoats are selected through an entirely unconscious process.
所以，替罪羊是通过一个完全无意识的过程选择的。
It could be totally random.
这可能是完全随机的。
They could just be in the wrong place at the wrong time.
他们可能只是在错误的时间出现在错误的地点。
