(单词翻译:单击)
中英文本
Those potential repercussions — on everything from individual health to poverty, crime and violence, which have previously been associated with the density of alcohol sellers in a given area — will take time to unfold and assess. Right now, most of the data available on people's changes in drinking behavior are limited to small surveys. "This all suggests people are starting to put in place patterns of heavier drinking," says Elyse Grossman, a policy fellow at Johns Hopkins and lead author of the International Journal article. She expects to start seeing the effects one to three years from now, which is when alcohol abuse increased following other catastrophes. (Already cases of alcoholic liver disease are up an estimated 30 percent over the past year in the University of Michigan's health system, and many of those additional patients were young women.)
从个人健康到贫穷、犯罪和暴力等潜在影响，以前都与特定地区的酒类销售商的密度有关，这需要时间来揭示和评估。目前，人们饮酒行为变化的大部分数据都局限于小型调查。约翰霍普金斯大学的政策研究员、国际期刊文章的主要作者爱丽舍·格罗斯曼表示，“这一切都表明，人们开始建立酗酒的模式。”她预计未来一到三年内人们会开始看到这种影响，即和其他灾难发生之后一样，酒精滥用现象的加剧。（据估计，过去一年，密歇根大学的医疗系统中，酒精性肝病的发病率上升了30%，而这些增加的病人中有许多是年轻女性。）
Yet despite the worrying circumstances, at least 20 states are considering making permanent the relaxed alcohol rules they put in place during the pandemic. And alcohol manufacturers have exploited Covid-19 as a marketing tool to an extent that is "frustrating and surprising," Grossman says. "They have used the pandemic to increase sales and oppose regulation. 'You need time to yourself; you should be drinking. You need alcohol to relax; you need it to get through this pandemic.'" She adds: "It's not an ordinary product, like coffee or pencils. It's the third-leading cause of preventable death in the United States."
然而，尽管情况令人担忧，但美国至少有20个州正在考虑将疫情期间制定的宽松饮酒规定永久化。格罗斯曼表示，酒精制造商将新冠肺炎作为营销工具，其程度“令人沮丧和惊讶”。“他们利用疫情增加销量，反对监管。‘你需要时间独处；你应该喝酒。你需要酒精来放松；你需要酒精来度过疫情。’”她补充说，“酒精并不是像咖啡或铅笔一样的普通产品。而是美国第三大可预防的死亡原因。”
On a population level, this past year's drinking has already set in motion a cascade of consequences that would be difficult to reverse absent major policy changes. But individuals can take steps to avoid negative outcomes themselves. Koob says that the emergence of telehealth during the pandemic may be a "silver lining" that will allow physicians and support groups to reach more struggling people. Treatments exist on "a spectrum," he notes. "Not everyone has to go into a 28-day detox." Doctors and health officials should begin responding now, with initiatives like screening for people's drinking patterns and "better messaging" on what is excessive drinking, Barbosa says. "There are more people who are going to need help."
从人口层面来讲，过去一年的饮酒情况引发了一连串的后果，如果没有重大的政策变化，这些后果很难扭转。但个人可以自行采取措施避免负面结果。库布表示，疫情期间出现的远程医疗可能是“一线希望”，这将使医生和支持组织能够接触到更多苦苦挣扎的人。他指出，治疗存在于“图谱”上。“并不是所有人都要进行为期28天的戒酒治疗。”巴博萨表示，“医生和卫生官员应该马上开始采取行动，对人们的饮酒模式进行筛查，并对过量饮酒的定义进行更好的宣传。会有更多的人需要帮助。”
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重点讲解
重点讲解：
1. at least （数量）至少，不少于；
At least ten people were killed in the crash.
至少有十人在撞车事故中丧生。
2. get through 度过，熬过（困难或不快的时期）；
It is hard to see how people will get through the winter.
难以想象人们将怎样熬过这个冬天。
3. set in motion 开动；激活；启动；
Giles set in motion a train of events which would culminate in tragedy.
贾尔斯触发了随后的一系列事件，这些事件最终将以悲剧收场。
4. a cascade of 大量；许多；
If one firm goes under it could provoke a cascade of bankruptcies.
如果一家公司倒闭，便有可能引发一连串的破产。
