(单词翻译:单击)
A hundred years ago, Egyptologist James Henry Breasted described Hatshepsut as "the first great woman in history of whom we are informed."
一百年前，埃及古物学家詹姆斯·亨利·布雷斯特德将哈特谢普苏特描述为“历史上第一个被告知的伟大女性”。
This is particularly ironic seeing as how one or more pharaohs who came after her tried to have her erased from history through damnatio memoriae.
这是特别讽刺的，因为一个或多个法老在她之后试图通过“除忆诅咒”将她从历史中抹去。
Maybe they hated her, maybe they resented her success, or maybe they simply wanted a return to tradition.
也许他们恨她，也许他们恨她的成功，也许他们只是想回归传统。
Thankfully, they did not succeed, which means that today we can bring you the story of Hatshepsut, the woman who became a pharaoh.
值得庆幸的是，他们没有成功，这意味着今天我们可以为您带来哈特谢普苏特的故事，那个成为法老的女人。
Hatshepsut was born circa 1508 BC.
哈特谢普苏特法老生于约公元前1508年。
She was part of Egypt's 18th Dynasty which was founded by Ahmosis I and became notable for several reasons.
她是由阿莫西斯一世建立的埃及第18王朝的一部分，因为几个原因而出名。
For starters, it also included other well-known historical figures such as Tutankhamun and Nefertiti.
首先，它还包括其他著名的历史人物，如图坦卡蒙和娜芙提蒂。
More importantly, though, it was the first dynasty of the so-called New Kingdom, a period in ancient Egyptian history which is considered one of its "Golden Ages."
然而，更重要的是，这是所谓的新王国的第一个王朝，在古埃及历史上这一时期被认为是其“黄金时代”之一。
Some even hail it as the most prosperous time for the empire.
有些人甚至欢呼这是帝国最繁荣的时期。
This is debatable - others could argue that the Old Kingdom which was defined by the construction of the pyramids represented the true halcyon days of Egypt.
这是有争议的——其他人可能会争辩说，古王国以金字塔的建造为标志，代表了埃及真正的太平日子。
But one thing that's certain is that, after the New Kingdom ended, the empire experienced steady decline and would never again reach the same heights.
但有一件事情是肯定的，新王国结束后，帝国经历了持续的衰落，再也达不到同样的高度。
This dynasty is also known as the Thutmosid Dynasty because several of the first pharaohs were named Tuthmosis, or Thutmose, however you prefer.
这个王朝也被称为图特摩斯王朝，因为最初的几位法老都被称为图特摩斯人，或者图特摩斯人，哪个都行。
Hatshepsut herself was the daughter of Tuthmosis I, stepsister (and wife) of Tuthmosis II, and stepmother of Tuthmosis III.
哈特谢普苏特本人是图特摩斯一世的女儿，图特摩斯二世的继姐妹(和妻子)，图特摩斯三世的继母。
Speaking of names, we already gave a brief rundown on the naming conventions for pharaohs in our Tutankhamun video which you can check out if you haven't seen yet.
说到名字，我们已经在图坦卡蒙的视频中简要介绍了法老的命名规范。如果你还没看过可以去看看。
Basically, the full royal titulary included five separate names.
完整的皇家头衔大致包括五个独立的名字。
Our pharaoh today typically went by Hatshepsut which was part of her personal name, but she was also often referred to by her throne name of Maatkare.
今天的法老通常叫哈特谢普苏特，这是她个人名字的一部分，但她也经常被称为她的王位名马特卡雷。
Hatshepsut is sometimes identified as the first female pharaoh and this is not really true.
哈特谢普苏特有时被认为是第一位女法老，但这不是真的。
She is certainly the first on whom we have good information and you can make a strong case that she was the greatest female pharaoh, but she was not the first.
她确实是第一个我们掌握了充分信息的人，你可以很有力地证明她是最伟大的女法老，但她并不是第一个女法老。
Unfortunately, we cannot say with accuracy who was the first because there is a lot of uncertainty surrounding the rulers of the earliest dynasties.
不幸的是，我们不能准确地说出谁是第一个，因为关于早期王朝的统治者有很多不确定性。
There were plenty of female regents who ruled as guardians of child monarchs until they came of age.
当时有很多女摄政王作为幼小君主的监护人，直到他们成年。
However, as early as the First Dynasty, it is possible that queens such as Merneith or Neithhotep may have ruled, at least for a short while, as pharaohs in their own right.
然而，早在第一个王朝，像美丽奈茨或尼特霍特普这样的女王就有可能以法老的身份统治过，至少有一段时间。
The first one on whom we have pretty solid evidence is Sobekneferu.
第一个我们有确凿证据的人是索贝克内弗鲁。
After her brother, Amenemhat IV, died without a male heir, she took the throne and ruled for almost four years.
她的弟弟阿蒙涅姆哈特四世死后没有男性继承人，她继承王位并统治了近四年。
Statues and inscriptions of Sobekneferu depict her with the full royal regalia and titles of a pharaoh.
塞贝克涅弗鲁的雕像和碑文描绘了她的完整的皇家勋章和法老头衔。
Like her brother, she also did not have any heirs so her death also brought the end of the 12th Dynasty.
和她的哥哥一样，她也没有继承人，所以她的死也带来了第12王朝的终结。
Her Rise to Power Hatshepsut was the daughter of Pharaoh Tuthmosis I and his Great Royal Wife, Ahmose.
哈特谢普苏特是法老图特摩斯一世和他伟大的皇家妻子艾哈迈德摩斯的女儿。
It was common for pharaohs to have multiple wives, but only one was the main wife who had certain authority and performed functions we would associate with a queen.
法老有多个妻子是很常见的，但只有一个是主要的妻子，她有一定的权力和职能，我们会把她和王后联系起来。
